REAKSIYaHOI YaDROI

REAKSIYaHOI  YaDROI, tabdili yadrohoi atomiro guyand, ki dar jarayoni tasiri mutaqobil bo yakdigar, bo zarrahoi elementari yo u- kvantho ba amal meoyad. Skhemai reaksiyai yadroi chunin ast: a + A -*■ -*V + yo in ki A (a, ) V. In jo A — yadroi avvalin, yo ba istiloh yadroi nishon, a — zarra yo yadroi barkhuranda, V — yadroi okhirin yo mahsul, — zarra yo yadroi parron (on niz mahsuli reaksiya). Reaksiyahoi yadroiro E. Rezerford soli 1919 bori avval dar laboratoriya tadqiq kard. U yadrohoi nitrogenro bo a-zarraho barkhuronida Reaksiyahoi yadroiro  mushohida namud. Reaksiyahoi yadroi du khel meshavand: ekzotermi (dar rafti in nav Reaksiyahoi yadroi energiyai kinetiki judo meshavad) va endotermi (energiya furu burda meshavad). Dar jarayoni Reaksiyahoi yadroi qonunhoi baqoi energiya, impuls, momenti miqdori harakat, zaryad, adadi barnoni va gayra vayron nameshavand. Reaksiyahoi yadroi az asositarin metodhoi omuzishi sokhti yadroi atom va khosiyathoi on meboshad. Reaksiyai taqsimshavii yadrohoi vaznin va reaksiyai sintezi yadrohoi sabuk asosi energetikai yadroiro tashkil medihand. Soli 1936 N. Bor mekhanizmi guzarishi Reaksiyahoi yadroiro omukhta, aqidae pesh nihod, ki on minbad asosn paaariyai Reaksiyahoi yadroi R. ya.-ro tashkil dod. Bino ba aqidai mazkur Reaksiyahoi yadroi  boyad dar du marhila guzarad. Dar marhalai yakum zarra yo yadroi afton ba yadroi nishon barkhurda, yadroi mobaynii angekhta (kompaund)-ro ba vujud meorad. Dar marhalai duyum kosti yadroi mobayni ba amal me-oyad. «Umri» yadroi mobayni nisbat ba «umri» andaryaki yadroi (10-22 — 1Yu-23. soniya) khele ziyod ast. Binobar in dar dokhili yadroi mobayni muvozinati termodinamiki barqaror megardad.

Reaksiyahoi yadroi  bo burishi kundalangii effektivi 9 =■ tavsif meshavad, dar in jo IV shumorai tabdidoti yadroi dar vohidi vaqt, 1 seli zarrahoi afton, p zichii yadrohoi nishon ast. o bo bari chen karda meshavad. o ba navi zarrai afton va energiyai on, yadroi nishon, kunji baromadi mahsuli reaksiya va orientasiyai spini onho vobasta ast. Azbaski ehtimoliyati kohish ba ehtimoliyati tavlidi yadroi mobayni vobastagi nadorad, burishi effektivii reaksiya 9 (a, ) bar hosili zarbi burishi effektivii tavlidi yadroi mobaynii az va ehtimoliyati kohish t\ ba khoriji zarrai barobar ast, yane: a (a, ) « = 90u\. Baroi hisob kardani az va T)& odatan az tasavvuroti modelii sokhti yadro istifoda mebarand.

Reaksiyahoi yadroi chun manbai neytronho, mozonho va digar zarrahoi noustuvor istifoda meshavad. Bo yorii Reaksiyahoi yadroi  ziyoda az hazor nuklidi radioaktivro hosil mekunand, ki dar hamai sohahoi ilm, tekhnika va tib istifoda meshavad. Elementhoi movaroi uran (transuravi)-ro niz bo yorii Reaksiyahoi yadroi  ba tarzi suni hosil mekunand.

F. Normurodov, Ya. Shukurov.