RASADKhONAI SAMARQAND

RASADKhONAI SAMARQAND, az mashhurtarin rasadkhonahoi asri 15 ast, ki bo farmoni Ulugbek soli 1428—1429 dar Kukhak nom teppai nazdi nahri Obirahmat bunyod yoftaast. Rasadkhona dar shakli ustuvona (silindr) az se qabat iborat bud. Balandiash 30,4 m. Qismi asosii onro sudsi fakhri (sekstant) radiusash 42,2 met­ra bino ba malumoti baze makhazho — tarbe (yo kvadrant) tashkil medod. Qismati janubii suds zeri zamin joygir shuda, qismati digarash dar samti shimol az sathi zamin 30 m baland bud. Ba yak darajayu yak daqiqai doirai kamoni in afzor muvofiqan 701,85 mm va 11,53 mm masofa rost meomad. Olimoni rasadkhona bo asbobu afzori khud kunji bayni khati ustuvo (ekva­tor) va mintaqatulburuj (ekliptika), sobitai presessiyai solona, davomati soli tropiki va digar sobitahoi umdai astronomiro saheh chen kardaand, harakati saiyorahovu Mohro daqiq sanjidaand. Dar ra­sadkhona az asbobu afzori khurd sferai armilyari, halqa, trik, soathoi oftobivu sitoravi, usturlob (astrolyabiya) va gayra niz mavjud budand. Asari “Ziji Kuragoni” dar hamin jo ba tojiki talif shudaast. Dar sokhtmoni rasadkhona olimoni mashhuri on zamon — Qozizodai Rumi, Giyosuddini Koshoni, Alii Qushchi va digaron ishtirok doshtand. Soli 1908 bostonshinos V. L. Vyatkin (1869—1932) dar asosi hujjathoi tarikhi kharobahoi rasadkhonaro yoft. Dar natijai justujuvu tadqiqot shakli silindri doshtani rasadkho­na isbot karda shud. Rasadkhona tolori vase, khujrahoi kalonu khurd doshtaast. Bino ba malumoti muarrikhon devorhoi Rasadkhonai Samarqand bo takhtahoi koshini zeb doda budaand. Bo asbobe, ki dar rasadkhona voqe bud, harakati Oftob, Moh, sayyoravu sitorahoro tadqiq mekardaand. Rasad­khona kitobkhonae ham doshtaast. Utoqi darunii binoro tasviri burjho, kharitai osmon, kuhu bahrho, tasviri kurai arz bo mamlakathoi jahon zeb medodand. Badi kushta shudani Ulugbek (1449) rasadkhonaro ham vayron kardand. Holo az Rasadkhonai Samarqand faqat qismi dar zeri zamin mahfuzmondai suds (balandiash 11 m) boqi mondaast.

Soli 1964 dar nazdi Rasadkhonai Samarqandi muzeyi Ulugbek tasis yoft.