RADIOShUNAVONI

RADIOShUNAVONI, guftorhoe, ki bo radio intishor meshavand; yake az vositahoi asosii akhbort favri, agitatsiya va propagandai ommavi va marifatnokkunii aholi. Janrhoi asosii Radioshunavoni inhoand: akhbori jamiyati-siyosi (reportaj, sharhi voqe- ot, musohiba); badei-publitmisti (radioocherk, radiofilm, radiokom­pozitsiya); badei (radioinstsenirovka, radiopesa va gayra). Dar guftorhoi radio tamomi janrhoi asarhoi adabiyu musiqi niz istifoda bur­da meshavand. Akhbori makhsus, radiogazeta, radiojurnal barin guftorho beshtar mamuland. Ikhtiroi radio va istifodai on, hamchun vositai aloqa, ba Rossiya (A. S. Popov) mansub ast. Okhiri asri 19 avvali asri 20 baroi akhbori mamuri avvalin radiostansiyahoi rus sokhta shudand. Dar mamlakati mo ba radio az solhoi avvali Hokimiyati Soveti diqqati makhsus medihand. Az noyabri 1917 cap karda, ba vositai radiotele­graf dekrethoi Hukumati Soveti, akhbori voqeahoi muhimi hayoti mamlakat, vaziyati baynalkhalqi, baromadhoi V. I. Lenin shunavonida shudand. Bunyodi bazai moddiyu tekhnikii Radioshunavoni yake az vazifahoi muhimi davlati ba shumor meraft. Soli 1918 SKKh bo maqsadi igkishofi minbadai korhoi radiotelegraf komissiyae tashkil kard. Nakhustig guftorhoi radio soli 1919 az radiolaboratoriyai Nijegorod shunavonda shudand, az soli 1920 — az stansiyai tajribavii radioshunavoni (Moskva Qazon va gayra). Partiyai Kommunisti va Hukumati Soveti ba radiofi­katsiya hamchun vositai aloqa va akhbor diqqati kalon medodand. V. I. Lenin radioro «bagoyat muhim» medonist. U aloqai besimi radioro vositai khele muhim, vositai behamtoi agitatsiya va propagandai siyosi, marifatnok gardonidani omma va jori namudani madaniyati peshqadam meshumorid. Vay radioro gazetai «bekogaz» va «bemasofa» nomida bud.

Soli 1922 shunavonidani guftorhoi avvalini radio ogoz yoftand, Radiokhimiyai

muntazam 23 noyabri 1924, az vaqti dar efir sado dodani shumorai yakumi radiogazeta cap shud. Solhoi 20 janrhoi Radiokhimiya (radioreportaj, musohiba, sharhi voqeot) va shaklhoi guftor (radiogazeta, radiojurnal) ba vujud omadand. Soli 1925 az Maydoni Surkhi Moskva bakhshtda ba tantanai jashvi Oktyabr avvalin ra­dioreportaj burda shud. Soli 1927 SKKh oid ba behtar gordondani barnomahoi badei qaror barovard. Dar tayyor kardani guftorhoi adabi V. V. Mayakovskiy, A. N. Afinogenov, D. Bedniy, E. G. Bagritmkiy, F. V. Gladkov, V. V. Ivanov, L. M. Leonov va digaron ishtirok doshtand. Az solhoi 30 Radiokhimiya dar SSSR khele rivoj yoft. Az soli 1928 to 1933 iqtidori stansiyahoi Padiokhimiyai soveti 8 marotiba afzud. Soli 1931 dar nazdi Komissariati pochtoyu telegraf Komiteti umumiittifoqii Radiokhimiya tasis yoft, soli 1932 dar respublikaho va viloyatho 12 komiteti radioi mahalli tashkil karda shud. Tadrijan shaklu janrhoi navi guftorho paydo shudand. Soli 1933 SKKh «Nizomnomai Komiteti umumiittifoqi oid ba radiofikatsiya va radioshunavonii nazdi SKKh SSSR»-ro tasdiq kard; dar hayati komitet upravleniyai radiofikatsiya, upravleniyai guftorhoi markazi va guftorhoi mahalli tashkil gardidand. Yakumin radiofestivali umumiittifoqi (1936) ba mubodilai barnomahoi radioi baynirespublikavi asos guzosht. Dar solhoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani (1941—1945) du hazor radioakhbori Byuroi informatsionii so­veti, 2,3 hazor «Khabarhoi okhirin»-i makhsus, beshtar az 8 hazor «Maktub az front» va «Maktub ba front» shunavonida shudand. Dar barnomaho khulosai gazetaho, akhbori TASS, khabarho az front (taqriban 7 hazor khabarho az armiyai amalkunanda) mavqei muhimro ishgol namudand. Ba vositai radioi umumiittifoq rohbaroni Hukumati Soveti zud-zud baromad mekardand. Soli 1944 SKKh SSSR dar borai chorabinihoi mustahkam namudani bazai moddiyu tekhnikii radioshunavonii markazi va soli 1945 dar borai id kardani 7 may chun ruzi radio qaror barovard. Soli 1948 Radioi umumiittifoq ba vositai se barnoma guftorho shunavonid (hajmi umumii guftorho dar yak shaboruz 45 soat). Az soli 1960 Radioi umumiittifoq betanaffus kor mekardagi shud. Soli 1961 hajmi guftorhoi radio dar yak shaboruz ba 78 soat rasid. Sarredaksiyahoi Komiteti davlatii SSSR oid ba televizion va radioshunavoni ba hozir namudani baromadhoi tashviqoti va targiboti, akhbor (barnomai «Ma­yak»), guftorho baroi bachagon, javonon (radiostansiyai «Yunost»), guftorhoi adabi-dramavi, musiqi va gayra shuru kard. Radiokhimiya tamomi territoriyai CSCP-po faro giriftaast va holo ba 60 zaboni khalqhoi SSSR va 70 zaboni khalqhoi digar mamlakatho guftorho shunavonida meshavand. Soli 1979 Radioi umumiittifoq 8 bar­nomai asosi (guftorhoi dar yak shaboruz ba hisobi miyona qarib 160 soat) dosht. Barnomai 1-um (aso­si) — akhbori umumiittifoqi, jamiyati-siyosi va badei. Ba on «Khabarhoi okhirin», khulosai harruzai gazetahoi markazi, guftorhoi «Radiogazetai korgari», «Zamin va odamon», «Inson va qonun», «Ba Ittifoqi Soveti khizmat mekunam», «Tandurusti» barnomai radiostansiyai «Yunost» («Javoni»), «Teatr dar nazdi mikrofon», «Shabi musiqi» va gayra dokhil meshavand. Barnomai 2-yum («Mayak») shaboruzi; vay shunavandagonro az voqeazoi hayoti do­khili va baynalkhalqi voqif gardonda, asarhoi behtarini musiqii sovetiyu khorijiro targib mekunad. Barnomai 3-yum — malumoti adabi-musiqi; ba on kompozitsiyai hujjati va radiospektaklho, portreti ejodii navisandagon, dramaturgho dokhil meshavand. B a r n o m a i 4-u m — musiqi; shunavandagonro bo asarhoi sanati musiqii jahoni, bo ejodiyoti hunarpeshagoni barjasta (dar mavji kutoh) shinos mekunad. Az fevrali 1974 dar mavji 4,16 m guftorhoi stereofoni dar yak shaboruz ba hisobi miyona 9 soat translyatsiya karda meshavand. Barnomai 5-u m — akhbori jamiyati- siyosi va badei; baroi on grajdan­hoi soveti, ki dar khorija meboshand (bahrnavardon, mohigiron, ishtirokkunandagoni ekspeditsiyahoi qutb va gayra), shunavonida meshavad.

Rohbarii kori televizion va radioshunavonii sovetiro Komiteti davlatii SSOR oid ba televizion va radioshunavoni (Gosteleradioi SSSR), komitethoi respublikavi, kishvari va viloyati dar uhda dorand.

Ad.: Volkov V., Parvoei sukhan. 1967 Kazakov G., Leninskie ile radio, M., 1968;  Gur e v i ch P. S K ar i o v N. i., Lenin o radio,

1073; Letupov Yu., Vremya, lyudi, mik­rofon, M., 1974.       M. Sultonov.