Pattazor

Pattazor (buttacha va nimbuttacha)-i farokh dar mavzehoi kamborishi respublika doman gusturdaast. Asosan Nabototii bolishtakho, bolishtakkhor va biyobonro dar bar giriftaast. Bolishtakho pattahoi gunoguni makhsusi sarmoparvardi baland­kuh (akantolimon, zulzada, zibbaldiya vagayra) buda, shaklan ba «bolisht» monandand. Bolishtakzorro chun charogohi tobistona istifoda mebarand. Bolishtakkhorho az rastanihoi khordori skleromorfii «bolisht-monand» (esparset, akantolimon, nakhudakhoi khordor) iboratand. Bolishtakkhorho dar mahalhoe, ki chun charogoh bemaylon istifoda shudaand, numu yoftaand. Rastanihoi khubi khuroki barham khurda, ba joi onho giyohhoi nokhurdanii khordor farovon shudaand. Bolishtakkhorho dar joyhoi sershakh va sadglokhi qatorkuhhoi Zarafshon, Qurama, Turkiston, inchunin Badakhshon farovonand. B i yo b o n  hududi farokhi kamdolu darakhti respublikaro faro girif­taast. Nabototii biyobon asosan az nimbuttavu buttachahoi ba beobi tobovar, giyohhoi khushador va gayra iborat asg. Dar biyoboni janubu garbi Tojikiston nimbuttavu darakhtoni mayda-saksavuli safed va siyoh, juzgun, cherkas va dig. mesabzand. Onho dar regzori serteppai shimimoli respublika niz me­ ruyand. Masohati ziyodi on dar Tojikistoni Jnubi va sohilhoi daryoi Sir joy giriftaast. In joyhoro chun cha­rogohi zimistona va bakhorona istifoda mebarand. Alafzor khele gunogun ast: Alafzori baland asosan az giyohhoi khushadori khele qadbaland (3—5 m), ki dar shibarzamini daryobodi Vakhsh, Kofarnihon va Panj meruyand (vay, sarnay, nayshakari khudruy, qiyog, gesha, rastanihoi pechaktana, buttai gaz va gayra) tashakkul yoftaast. Margzor asosan dar mintaqai miyonakuh va balandkuh (kuhsori Ba­da khshon, qatorkuhhoi Hisoru Darvoz, Turkiston va gayra) joy giriftaast. Shibarzamin az giyohhoi qadpasti margzori alpi (faqat dar ba- landkuhho) dar joi serrutubat ba vujud meoyad. Dar on asosan gesha meruyad. Masohati shibarzamin mahdud ast. Beshtar dar Pomir (vodii daryoho) vomekhurad. Alafi onro medaravand va dar kuhho chun charo­goh istifoda mebarand. Dasht asosan mintaqai miyonakuh va balandkuhro dar bar megirad. Masohati on chandon vase nest. Ba Nabototi dasht chimak, jorubak, yakchand navi kovil va gayra khos ast. Dar ni­shebihoi shimoli qatorkuhhoi Turkiston, Zarafshon, Hisor, Darvoz va gayra dasht charogohi asosii  tobistona hisob meyobad. Efemerho az giyohhoi khurdi namiparvard (jorubak, ilokh, gandu­mak, tak-tak), ki zimistonu bahor numu mekunand va tobiston mekhushkand, tarkib yoftaand. Beshtar dar domanai qatorkuhhoi Hisor va Turkis­ton, inchunin dar baze mahalhoi vodihoi Fargonavu Zarafshon meruyand. Efemerzorho chun charogohi tiramohi va zimistona istifoda meshavand. Soyabongulho asosan az yugan iboratand. Dar joi changalzor (mintaqai balandkuh) va buttazor (ba­landkuh), ki barham khurdaand, nashunamo yoftaand. Khoralafho az har guna giyohhoi khordor (alalkhusus khoralaf— kuziniya) iboratand. Dar mintaqai miyonakuh va balandkuh dar natijai bemaylon charonidani chorvo numu kardaand. Taqsimoti Nabotot. Dar Tojikiston chun dar hama kishvarhoi kuhsor mintaqajoi Nabotot khele khub ayonand va in ba nami, ekspozitsiya, khususiyati relef, bod va gayra aloqamand ast. Dar mintaqai poyon Nabototi subtropi- kii garmiparvard, dar balandiho Nabototi sarmoparvardi alpi meruyad. Az in ru, na oid ba Nabototi mushtaraki Tojikiston, balki dar khususi min- taqahoi judogonai mavzevu nohiya­hoi on sukhan rondan mumkin ast. Nohiyahoi Nabototi Tojikiston inhoyand: H i s o r u Darvoz (nishebihoi Janubi qatorkuhhoi Hisor, okhirhoi garbi Pyotri I va yak qismi nishobihoi shimolii Darvoz). Nabototii in jo farovon ast, zero ba nashunamoi khubi on borishot musoidat mekunad. Nabototi nohiya az mintaqahoi efemeru gandumakzor (800—1700 m), buttavu darakhtzor (1200—2800 m), dashti khoralafzor (2400—3500 m) va margzori alafash past (3400—3800 m az sathi bahr) iborat ast. Turkiston (nishebihoi shimoli qatorkuhi Turkiston). Nabototi in jo ba mintaqahoi biyoboni shibogzor (400 —1200 m), efemerho bo gandumaku nastaran (1200—1800 m), chimakzori farokhu archazor (1800—2800 m) ju­do shudaast. Dar qatorkuhi balandkuh dashti seralaf (khushadorho va gayraho; 2800—3400 m) az bolishtakhoi khordor, inchunin margzori alafash qadpast va bolishtakho (3400—4000 m) joy giriftaand. Zarafshon (havzai daryoi Zarafshon). Az jihati Nabotot ba nohiyai Tur­kiston khele monand ast. Nabototi on az mintaqahoi zerin iborat: biyoboni ushnonu shibogzor (1200—2000 m); biyoboni shibogzor, archazor va dasht (2000—2700 m); dasht, khoralafu ar­chazor (2700—3400 m), bolishtaku khoralafzor (3400—4000 m). Q u r a m a (nishebihoi janubii qatorkuhhoi Qurama). Dar in jo mintaqahoi bi­yoboni shibogzor (350—1000 m), shibogzoru efemerho (1000—1800 m), archazor bo chimaku gandumak (1800— 2500 m), chimakzor bo bolishtakhoi khordor va gayra (2500—3200 m) joygirand. Tojikistoni Janubi (janubu garbi Tojikiston). Nabototi on nisbatan yakrang ast. Mintaqahoi efemerhoi jorubaku geshazor v a biyobon (300—900 m), efemerhoy qadpast, dar baze joyho pistavu bodomzor (900—1700 m), archazor va dasht (1700—2300 m) mavjudand. Badakh sho n (Pomiri Garbi, Vanj, Rushon, Shugnon, Vakhon). Ba nabototi on mintaqahoi biyoboni shibog­zor (1800—2700 m), biyobondashti shi­bogzor (2700—3200 m), biyoboni akantolimonu shibogzor (3700—4200 m) va bolishtakzor (4200—4800 m) khosand. Piryakhistoni Pomiri Shimoli (nohiyai piryakhi Fedchenko). Hududi onro yakh pushidaast. Nabototi margzor va dashti meruyad, inchunin bolishtakho (dar qitahoi khurdi beyakh) vomekhurand. Pomiri Sharqi (balandkuhi qahratuni Pomiri Sharqi). Nabototi in nohiya aa mintaqahoi biyoboni balandkuhi tereskenu bolishtakzor (3500—4200) va bolishtaku anantolimonzor va gayra (4200—4800 m) ibo­rat ast. Olami nabototi Tojikiston az rastanihoi mufid boy ast. Dar tibbi khalqi tadqriban 1500 namudi rostanizhoi dorui (az rui hisobi peshakii M. Hojimatov) istifoda meshavand; pastanihou dabbogi, rastanihoi tekhniki, rastanhoi vitamindor, rastanihoi nakhdor, pactanihou rangdor, rastanihoi ravgani efirdor, rastanihoi khuroki chorvo, rastanihoi ravgandor, rastanihoi oro- ishi, rastanihoi zahrnok va gayra farovonand. Aa buttavu darakhtoni jangal meva (chormagz, seb, olucha, qot, pista, zirk va guyra) megundorand. Dar vodi va kuuhu balandkuh gulhoi bazeb (lola, savsan, sich, kholmon, majah» batman va gayra), khushbuyu gizoi (zira, revoj, toron, siyohalaf, zirk, marminjon, korav, rov, roshak va gayra) bisyorand. Nabotot husnu tarovati tabiati kuhsor ast. Muhofizati rastani yak juzi muhimi muhofizati tabiat ast. Ad.: Popov M. G., Kratkiy ocherk rastitelnosti Tadjikistana, dar kit.: «Tadjikistan», Tashkent, 1925; O vchennikov P. N., Rayoni flori Tad­jikistana, dar kit.: «Flora Tadjikskoy SSR, t. 1, M.— L., 1957; Sta nyukovich K. V., Geobotanicheskoe rayonirovanie Tadjikistana. Atlas Tadjikskoy SSR, D.— M., 1968; Ovchinnikov P. N., Yunusov S. Yu., Nekotorie problemi botaniki, dar kit.: «Nauka Sovetskogo Tadjikistana», D., 1974; Zapryagaev a V. I., Lesnie resursi Pamiro- Alaya, L., 1976.