Paleozoy

Paleozoy (az paleo… va yun. goe — hayot), erai (guruhi) p a l e o z o y, bad az tokembriy avvalin eraest dar tarikhi geologii Za­min. Bino ba malumoti tadqiqoti radiologi, Paleozoy 570 mlsh sol muqaddam ogoz yofta, 340—350 mln sol davom kardaast. Soli 1837 geologi nemis A. Sechvik bori avval tahnishasthoi guruhi Paleozoyro judo kard. On vaqt erai Paleozoy az du davra — silur va devon iborat bud. Holo on ba 6 davra (kembriy, ordovik, silur, devon, karbon va perm) taqsim shudaast.

Dar natijai harakathoi purzuri chindorshavii pesh az tokembriyi bolo platformahoi Evropai Sharqi, Sibir, Khitoi Janubi, Amerikai Shimoli, Braziliya, Afrika, Hinduston, Avstraliya va geosinklinalho ba vujud omadand. In platformaho chandin bor zeri bahr monda, ruyashonro qabati tunuki tahnishastho pushidaand. Dar nohiyahoi geosinklinalii bayni platformaho, ki az furukhamidayu barjastagiho iborat budand, qabathoi gafsi tahnishast­hoi terrigeniyu vulqoni gun meshudand.

Erai Paleozoy du zamoni chindorshavi — kaledoni va gersiniro dar bar megirad. Marhalahoi asosii chindorshavii kaledoni dar bayni davrahoi ordoviku silur va avvalhoi devon ruy dodaand. Dar natija silsilai kuhho va qabati gafsi jinsporaho — molasshoi surkhtob paydo shudand. Chindorshavii kaledoni asosan Britaniyai Kabir, Skandinaviya, Shpitsbergen, Qazoqiston, Sayani Garbi, Nyufaundlend va Appalachiro faro girifta bud.

Dar okhirhoi Paleozoy (az nimai duyumi davrai karbon to davrai perm) chindorshavii gersini ba amal omad. Dar natija kuhhoi chindori Evropai Markazi, Ural, baze kuhhoi Osiyoi Miyonayu Oltoy va gayra shakl giriftand. Materiki kaloni Gondvana hamai platformai Nimkurai janubiro dar bar megirift. Dar Nimkurap shimoli dar nimai duyumi erai Paleozoy materiki kaloni Angarida mavjud bud, ki ba on platformai Sibir bo kuhhoi atrofash dokhil meshud.

Dar ibtidoi Paleozoy dar bahrho avva­lin organizmhoi skeletashon sakht (khiolitho, khiolitelmintho, gastropodaho, brakhiopodaho va arkheosiatho) paydo shudand. Dar qatori guruhhoi nombur da avvalhoi Paleozoy (kemb­riy, ordovik va silur) boz bisyor hayvonhoi digari bemuhra — trilobitho (bandpoyho), graptolitho, narmbadanhoi sarpo va gayraho mezistand. Khususan dar davrahoi kembriyu ordovik shumorai trilobitho va dar ordoviku silur graptolitdo baso afzud. Minbad onho toraft kam shuda, dar okhirhoi Paleozoy tamoman bar­ham khurdand.

Dar in muddat namudhoi brajiopodaho (kitfpoyho) khele ziyod shud. Dar davrai ordovik marjonho, mshankaho, stromatoporoideaho paydo shudand. Dar davrai devon goniatitho, mohihoi dubahrayu panjabol bosurat inkishof yoftand. Dar okhiri hamin davra avvalin obkhokiho (amfibiyaho) ba vujud omadand. Dar davrahoi karbonu perm dar khushki khazandahoi ziyodi alafkhur va darrandaho mezistand. Dar nimai duyumi erai Paleohoy az hayvonhoi bahri yakhuchayraho — foraminiferaho (khususan guruhi fuzulinidho) mavqei asosiro ishgol mekardand. Nabototi davrahoi kembriy va ordovik asosan obsabzho budand. Avvalhoi devon nakhustin rastanihoi khushki — psilofithoi soddatarin paydo shudand.

Nabototi Paleozoy makhsusan dar davrai karbon nashunamo yoft va onro beshtar rastanihoi darakhtshakl (plaunho) va burumpoya, paporotnikho va avvalin rastanihoi luchtukhm tashkil medodand. Jismi ziyodi khushkiro beshaho faro girifta budand. Inkishofi umumin olami organiki shahodat medihad, ki dar nimai avvali Paleozoy hayvonhoi bemuhrai badri zista, dar nimai duyumi era dar khushkiho avval rastaniho va bad hayvonho paydo shudaand.

Dar territoriya SSSR tahnishasthoi gu­ruhi Paleozoy ham dar platformaho va ham dar nohiyahoi geosinklinali vomekhurand. Dar platformahoi Evropai Sharqi va Sibir qismi asosii tabaqai jinshoi Paleozoyi poyonro tahnishasthoi bahri tashkkil medihand. Qismhoi kanorii platformaho (havzahoi Donetsk, Pechora va gayra) bo tabaqai gafsi tahnishasthoi terrigenii Paleozoy bolo pushida shudaand. Dar nohiyahoi geosinklinali (Ural, Qazoqiston, Osiyoi Miyona) ba guruhi Paleozoy qabathoi gafsi jinshoi tahshini va tahshiniyu effuzivi mansuband.

Dar territoriyai Tojikiston tahnishasthoi hama sistemahoi Paleozoy mavjudand. Dar shimoli respublika (dar Qaromazor) tahnishasthoi vulqonogenii Paleozoyi okhir beshtarand. Kuhhoi Tojikistoni Markazi boshand, qarib purra az tahnishasthoi terrigeni, karbonati va effuzivii sinni Paleozoy tarkib yoftaand. Tahnishasthoi bahrii Paleozoy dar shimoli Pomir niz bisyorand.

Bo jinshoi intruzivii kaledoniyu gersinii Ural, Qazoqiston, Oltoy, Osiyoi Miyona, Evropai Garbi, Ame­rikan Shimoli bisyor konhoi metallhoi siyoh va ranga aloqamandand. Yak qator konhoi metallhoi ranga va nodir dar tabaqai jinshoi Paleozoy yoft shudaapd (konhoi madani polimetallii Qaromazor, surmayu simobi Tojikistoni Markazi va gayra). Dar territoriyai SSSR az tahnishasthoi Paleozoy konhoi kaloni angishgtsang (davzahoi Donetsk, Pechora, Nazdimoskva, Qaraganda, Kuznetsk), varaqsangi suzanda (Estoniya), resangi misdor (Nazdiural, Qazoqiston), namaksoy kaliy (Solikamsk, Iletsk) yoft shu­daand. Konhoi nefti nohiyai Volgayu Uralro niz az qabati jinshoi Paleozoy paydo kardaand.