Paleoiqlimshinosi

Paleoiqlimshinosi, (az pa­leo… va iqlimshinosi), ilmest dar borai iqlimi zamonhoi peshin va tarikhi iqlimi Zamin. Iqlimi za­monhoi qadim az rui nishonahoi gunogun — tarkibi moddaho va khususiyathoi teksturai jinshoi kuhii tahshini, inchunin boqimondai organizmhoi hayvonotu nabotot va gayra tajdid karda meshavad.

Paleoiqlimshinosi, ki iqlimi zamoni qadimro muqarrar menamoyad, qismi muhimi paleogeografiya ba shumor meravad. On bo stratigra­fiya va paleontologiya, geomorfolo­giya va talimot doir ba sarvathoi zerizamini zich aloqamand ast. Natijahoi tadqiqoti geologi dar asosi qoidahoi nazariyavii iqlimshinosi, meteorologiya, geografiya, geofizika va astronomiya tahlilu jambast karda meshavand.

Bori avval soli 1686 fizik va mate­matiki anglis R. Guk dar asosi boqimondai organizmhoi qadimi iqli­mi zamoni guzashtaro tajdid kardani shud. Ammo Paleoiqlimshinosi ilmi tanho solhoi 80 asri 19 ba vujud omad, ki on vaqt barobari malumoti paleontologi malumoti litologiro niz ba sifati nishondihandai iqlimi zamoni qadim istifoda meburdagi shuda budand, ki on bo omilhoi iqlimi vobastagii ziyode doshta, vazifai indikatorhoi iqlimii khele garonbahoro ba jo meorad. Masalan, namak az iqlimi aridi (garmi kamborish), torf, angishtsang va kaolin az iqlimi serborish, ohaksang va iqlimi garm va morenaho az iqlimi khunuk darak medihand. Nishondihandahon geologii iqlimi zamoni qadimro ba 3 guruhi asosi — litologi, paleobo­taniki va paleozoologi judo mekunand.

Nishondihandahon lito­logi qarib dar hama jo hastand; onho sharoiti iqlimii zamoni qadimro tavassuti khususiyat va surati prosessi farsoish, darajai differensiatsiyai jinshoi tahshini va miqyosi mineralhosilshavii autigoni inikos menamoyand.

Nishondihandahoi pale­obotaniki boqimondai nabototi qadimiand, ki dar onho tasiri iqlim, zamon va makoni sabzish aks yoftaast. Masalan, formatsiyai beshahoi tropiki az iqlimi garmi namnok, formatsiyai savannaho va beshahoi siraki kserofili az iqlimi garmi khushk guvohi medihand; formatsiyai beshahoi bargrez indikatori iqlimi mutadil meboshad. Izi halqahoi solonai darakhton niz indikatori paleobotaniki ast va in sodaro ilmi dendroiqlimshinoesi meomuzad.

Nishondhdandahon pale­ozoologi boqimondai organizmhoi qadimiand, ki iqlimi davrai mavjudiyati khudro aks menamoyand. Faunai bahri az davrai angisht in jonib ba mintadahoi biogeografii tropiki va boreali judo shudaast. Dar in mintaqaho tafovuti rejimi harorat khele kam bud. Hayvonhoi muhradori khushki dar davrai devon paydo shudand. Shirkhuroni erai kay­nozoy dar iqlim va sharoiti gunogun zindagi karda metavonistand. Iqlimi zamoni qadim asosan az erai paleozoy in jonib va on ham ba tavri umumi muayyan karda  shudaast.

Dar har yak davrai geologi atmosferai Zamin tarkibi khudro tagyir medod, miqdori bugi ob kam shuda, roli nisbii oksigen meafzud. Binobar in «tasiri garmi»-i at­mosfera kamtar va tafovuti banki qutbhoyu ekvator beshtar gardida bud. Az nimai duyumi oligosen khunukihoi sakht sar shuda, dar antro­pogen avj girift. Tagyiroti pay dar pai harorat va namnoki boisi badalshavii davrahoi yakhbandiyu bayniyakhbandi dar arzhoi baland va ivaz shudani iqlimi plyuvialiyu kserotermi dar arzhoi past gardid. Paleoiqlimshinosi tarikhi iqlimi Zaminro omukhta, sababhoi paydoishi sarvathoi zerizamini va sharoiti zindaii hayvonotu nabototi davrahoi guzashtai geologiro muayyan mekunad, tagyiro­ti minbadai iqlimro peshgui menamoyad.