Paleogeografiya

Paleogeografiya (az pale o… va geografiya), ilmest dar borai sharoithoi tabiiyu geografii zamonhoi guzashtai geologi Paleogeografiya yak qismi geologiyai tarikhi buda, baroi omukhtani tarikhi inkishofi qishri Zamin va umuman Zamin malumot medihad. Dar ayni hol Paleogeografiya yak qismi geografiyai tabiii umumist, ki sharoithoi tabiiyu geografii guzashtaro bo maqsadi fahmidani tabiati imruzai Zamin meomuzad. Paleogeografiya ba tadqiqi mufassali jinshoi kuhi, tar­kibi boqimondahoi organikii onho, struktura, tekstura, tarzi joygirshavii jinsho va gayraho asos yoftaast. Paleogeografiya bo talimot doir ba fasiyaho, lito­logiya, stratigrafiya, tektonika, pa­leontologiya, paleoekologiya, iqlimshinosi va geofizika zich aloqamand ast.

Paleogeografiya hamchun ilqmi mustaqil dar miyonahoi asri 19 ba vujud omad. Dar asosi malumothoi biostratigrafi tayyor kardani shkalai nisbii geokhronologi, paydoishi talimot doir ba fasiyaho, ba tufayli geologi ang- lis Ch. Layel asosnok gardidani usuli aktualiam va murattab yoftani kharitahoi gunoguni paleogeografi ba­roi ilmi Paleogeografiya zaminai zaruri faroham ovardand.

Az solhoi 30 asri 20 injonib tajdidhoi paleogeografi ba muhimtarin vositai justujui sarvathoi zerizamini (neft, gaz, angisht, na­makhoi gunogun, boksit fosforit, almos va gayra) tabdil yoftand. Yake az asoshoi Paleogeografiya— talimot doir ba fa­siyaho (U. Tvepkhofel, D. V. Nalivkin) besh az pesh takmil meyobad. Gunogunii usulhoi tadqiqot boisi ba vujud omadani yak qator raviyahoi Paleogeografiya gardidand, ki onho jihathoi gunoguni sharoiti tabiiyu geografii zamonhoi guzashtai geologiro meomuzand.

Raviyai p aleoelologi tarkib va digar khususiyathoi jinshoi takhshini, az jumla boqimondahoi organikii hayvonotu nabototi davrahoi guzashtai geologiro tadqiq menamoyad; inchunin havzahoi ob, aloqai onhoro bo bahrhoi hamsoya, sharoiti, iqlimi, darajai shurii ob va digar khususiyathoi havzahoro muayyan mekunad.

Raviyai terrigeniyu mine­ralogi az kadom nohiyaho shusta shudan, bo kadom rohho kuchidan va dar kujoho jam shudani tahshinhoro, ki az jinsporaho tarkib yoftaand, muqarrar menamoyad.

Raviyai geokhimiyavi shuri va khususiyathoi fizikiyu khimiyavii havzahoi qadimii ob, inkishofi tadrijii tarkibi onho, inchunin tarkibi atmosferai zamoni guzash­taro dar asosi omukhtani mineralhoi autigeni (dar yak 40 paydo va yoftshuda), konsentratsiya va tanosubi alementhoi ba khud khos (Sl, F, V, Vg, Sa, Mg, Sg) va dar jinshoi giliyu karbonati sanjidani darajai oksidshavii ohan ReO (Re₂Oz)-ro muayyan mekunad.

Paleogeografiyai d i n amiki rafti inkishof va tagyiryobii havzahoi qadimii ob, jarayoni daryoyu bahrho va khususiyathoi muhitero, ki dar on tahshinho jam shudaand, tadqiq menamoyad.

Raviyai paleotektoniki az solhoi 30 in jonib khele inkishof yoft, ki on prosessi judo kardani fasiyaho va tadqiqi gafsiyu forma­siyai tahnishasthoi qadimaro dar bar megirad.

P a l e o v u l q o n sh i n o s i ba yak fasli makhsusi Paleovulqonshinosi tabdil yofta­ast, ki bo tajdidi paleogeografii nohiyahoi vulqondor mashgul ast.

Paleogeomorfologiya boshad, relefi zamonhoi qadimi geologiro tadqiq mekunad. Parmakunii qari uqyonus, ki soli 1968 ogoz yoft, imkoniyat dod Paleogeomorfologiyai uqyonusho bevosita barqaror karda shavad. Dar dahsolahoi okhirin dar asosi malumot­hoi chuqur parma kardali tabaqahoi tahshinii materikho dar SSSR va mamlakathoi digar kharitahoi kalonmasshtab tartib doda shudand. Tavassuti Paleogeomorfologiya sharoiti tabiiyu geografi va tarikhi inkishofi geologii bisyor nohiyahoi Tojikistoni imruza muqarrar gardidand.