PUSISh

PUSISh , vayron shudani payvasthoi organikii nitrogendori murakkab (beshtar safedaho) az tasiri mikroorganizmhoi pusonanda; hangomi Pusish beshtar ammiaki gazmonand judo meshavad. Pusishro ammonifikatsiya, mikroorganizmhoi dar in prosess ishtirokkunandaro ammonifikatorho ham menomand. Pusish prosessi murakkabi serzinai biokhimiyaviest, ki raftu natijai on doimi nest va ba khususiyathoi khimiyavii substrat, dastrasii oksigen va tarkibi mikrofloraho aloqamand ast. Dar davrahoi gunoguni Pusish guruhhoi makhsusi mikrobho bartari dorand. Az mikroorganizmhoi pusonanda bakteriyaho — anaerobhoe, ki fermenthoi purzuri proteoliti do­rand va inchunin bakteriyahoi anaerobii sporadori Bacilius va besporai Pseudomonas roli asosi mebozand. Dar prosessi Pusish zanburughoi magor (pupanak) niz ishtirok mekunand. Bakteriyahoi pusonanda asosan saprofitho meboshand, ki bazeashon qobiliyati boftahoi zindaro gidroliz namudan doshta, kasaliho (masalan, angezandai oqilai gazii hayvonotu odam va tosaki rastani)-ro ba vujud meorand. Pusish dar gardishi moddaho dar tabiat mavqei kalon dorad: dar natijai faoliyati hayoti va nobudshavii hayvonotu rastaniho, ba khok va obanborho mahsuloti ziyodi sa- feda meaftand, ki mahz bo fao­liyati mtkroflorahoi pusonanda zakhira nashuda, ba moddahoi minerali tabdil meyoband va mumkin ast rastani onhoro az nav istifoda kunad. Bo yorii fermenthoi proteoli­ti (proteaz va peptidaz) bakteriahoi pusonanda safedaro ba polipentidho va minbad ba aminokistlotaho tajziya mekunand. Pusish na tanho dar khok va obanbor, inchunin dar uzvhoi hozimai hayvonotu odam niz zohir megardad. Onro bakteriyahoi anaerobii Bacillus putrificus, V. porfringens va V. sporogenes ba vujud meorand. Mahsuli Pusish ba tavassuti jigar bezahr gashta, kamu besh ba vositai gurda khorij meshavad. Bakteriyahoi shiri ba mikroflorai pusonandai rudaho tasiri halokatovar merasonand. Bakteriyahoi pusonanda mahsuloti khurokvoriro vayron mekunand. Baroi az Pusish nigoh doshtani onho az sterilizatsiya, ochoroni, duddihi, yakhkunoni va gayra istifoda mebarand. Bo vujudi on dar bayni bakteriyahoi pusonanda namudhoi sporador, galofili va psikhrofili hastand, ki mahsuloti namakin yo yakhkunonidaro vayron mekunand. Dar yak qator prosesshoi tekhnologi (hangomi az pusti hayvonot judo kardani pashm, muloim kardani pust, toza namudani libos bo usuli khimiyavi va gayra) moddahoi fermentativiro, ki az pusondai mikroorganizmhoi pusonanda megirand, istifoda meba­rand. Ad.: Ierusalimskiy N. D. Os­novi fiziologii mikrobov, M., 1983; Metabolizm bakteriy, M., 1963; Rya­bo t n o v a I. L., Obshaya mikrobiologiya, M., 1966.