PROTEKSIONIZM (az lotini prtotectio — hifz), siyosati iqtisodii davlati burjuazi, ki az raqobati khoriji hifz namudan va taraqqi dodani iqtisodiyoti milli maqsadi on ast. Proteksionizm dar sharoiti kapitalizm hamchun sistemai tadbirhoi iqtisodi vase istifoda meshavad. Davlati burjuazi baroi ba kapitalizmi mutaraqqi roh kushodan az khorija ovardani molro mahdud menamoyad, zero onho dar bozor metavonand bo molhoi mahalli raqobat kunand. Dar natijai raqobat bozori dokhili makhdud shuda, foidai girifta meshudagi ba kapitali khoriji guzashtanash mumkin ast. Baroi peshgirii on davlati burjuazi az khorija ovardani molro man mekunad, yo ba molhoi khoriji boj meandozad. Narkhi molhoi boj andokhtashuda qimat gashta, bo molhoi mahalli raqobat karda nametavonad. Proteksionizm baroi burjuaziya, makhsusan, dar davrai nashunamoi kapitalizm roli kalon bozid. Kapitaliston ba siyosati Proteksionizmi davlat takya namuda, beshtar fondi sitondand, ki in baroi tezonidani andukhti kapitalu vase namudani istehsolot imkoniyat faro ovard. Dar dasti onho kapitali kalon gun shud va korkhonahoi kalon ba vujud omadand.
Dar davrai imperializm roli siyosati Proteksionizm boz ham afzuda, on baroi giriftani foidai kaloni monopoli kumak merasonad. Davlat ovardani molro az khorija mahdud namuda, baroi dar dokhili mamlakat nigoh doshtani narkhi balanda monopoli yori merasonad. Dar mamlakathoi kapitalisti baland shudani narkhi bozori dokhili ba monopoliyaho foidai kalon medihad, ammo qimatshavii narkhi molho ahvoli khalqro vaznin mekunad. Dar sharoiti hozirai kapitalizm imperialiston Proteksionizmro chun yaroqi muboriza baroi bozor istifoda mebarand. Davlathoe, ki ittihodi iqtisodii imperialistiro tashkil kardaand (masalan, aezoi mamlakathoi «Bozori umumi»), zabon yak karda siyosati Proteksionizmro pesh mebarand. In davlatho hangomi az davlati digar mol ovardan boj namedihand, yo boji onho kam karda meshavad. Beshtar kushish menamoyand, ki davlathoi raqobatkunandaro ba bozori dokhil roh padihand. Raqibon ham dar navbati khud hamin tavr amal mekunand. Hukumati hozirai ShMA baroi bozori dokhiliro az mamlakathoi Evropa va Yaponiya muhofizat kardan ba onho boji ziyod meandozad. B a robari purzur shudani raqobati bayni davlathoi imperialisti roli siyosati Proteksionizm boz ham meafzoyad. Proteksionizmi mamlakathoi taraqqikunanda khususiyati tamoman digar dorad. Vay dar barobari dar dokhili mamlakat mahdud kardani faoliyati kapitali khoriji, ba onho imkoniyat medihad, ki muborizaro baroi istiqloliyati iqtisodi ba muqobili imperializm purzur kunand.
Ad.: Engels F., Proteksionizm i svoboda torgovli, Marks K., Engels F., Soch., 2 nad., t. 21; Mejdunarodnie ekonomicheskie otnosheniya, MELOD, 1969.