PROGRAMMAI PARTIYaI KOM­MUNISTOII ITTIFOQI SOVETI

PROGRAMMAI PARTIYaI KOM­MUNISTOII ITTIFOQI SOVETI, hujjati asosii nazariyavii partiya, ki maqsad va vazifahoi muhimtarini onro dar davrai muayyani ta­rikhi dar bar megarad. Programma baroi hamai kommuniston va tashkilothoi partiyavi khatmi buda, sayu kushishi onhoro dar rohi sokhtmoni jamiyati kommunisti ifoda msnamoyad; Programma dar Sezdi Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti qabul mesha­vad.

Nakhustin hujjati programmavii harakati baynalkhalqii kommunisti «Manifesti Partiyai Kommunisti» bud, ki onro K. Marks va F. En­gels soli 1848 talif namudaand.

KPSS dar tarikhi khud se pro­gramma qabul kardaast: yakumashro baroi davrai muboriza dar rohi galabai revolyutsiyahoi burjuazi-demodrati va sotsialisti; duyumashro baroi davrai sokhtmoni sotsializm; az soli 1961 seyumash qabul shud, ki sokhtmo­ni kommunizmro ba nazar megarad. Hamai Programma ba harakati baynalkhalqii kommunisti tasiri kalon merasonand, dar kor karda baromada­ni programmahoi bisyor partiyahoi kommunistii jahon namunai ibratand.

Programmai yakumi par­tiya. P. yakumi RSDRP-ro redaksiyai gazetai «Iskra» tadhti rohbarii V. I. Lenin kor karda baromad va onro sez­di 2-yumi RSDRP soli 1903 qabul namud. Dar Programma mohiyati kapitalizm va ziddiyathoi on az jihati marksisti tahlil karda shuda bud. Programma az du qism — maksimum va minimum iborat bud. Programmen maksimum vazifai asosii partiyaro az sarnagun kardani kapitalizm va barqaror namudani diktaturai proletariat dar rohi sokhtmoni jamiyati sotsialisti iborat medonist. Program­mai minimum vazifahoi nazdiktarini partiyaro az sarnagun kardani mutlaqiyati podshohi va bo respub­likai demokrati ivaz kardani on jori namudani ruzi korii 8-soata, barobarhuquqii komili hamai millatho va huquqi khudmuayyankunii on jo, barham dodani boqimondahoi sokhti krepostnoi dar dehot va gayra iborat medonist.

Partiya Programmai yakumro ijro karda, masalahoi murakabotarini tashkil va mustahkam namudani safhoi khudro hal kard. Partiya ba Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sotsialistii Oktyabr rohbari kard, ki dar na­tijai in revolyutsiya avvalin dar jahon davlati diktaturai proleta­riat barpo gardid. Partiya va peshvoi on V. I. Lenin dar rafti muboriza baroi ijroi Pogrammai yakum talimoti oid ba revolyutsiyai sotsialistiro inkishof dodand, nazariyai masala­hoi agrari va milli, nazariyai oid ba asoshoi sokhti davlatii respublikai korgaru dehqonro az jihati ilmi kor karda baromadand va bo hamin ba inkishofi nazariyai mark­sizm hissai nave guzoshtand.

Programmai d u yu m i par­tiya. Sezdi 8-umi RKP (b) (1919) Programmai nav, programmam duyumi partiya­ro qabul kard, ki on tahti rohbarii V. I. Lenin tartib doda shuda bud. In Programma marhilai guzashtai harakati umumijahonii ozodikhohii proletariatro jambast namud. Dar natijai dar mamlakati mo barpo shudani diktaturai proletariat — vazifai asosii peshvnihodkardai Programmai yakum hal shud. Dar nazdi partiya aknun vazifai digar, yane mustahkam kardani davlati diktaturai sinfi korgar, bunyod kardani jamiyati sotsialisti meistodand. Dar Programmai nav kapitalizmi tomonopolisti va darajai olii kapitalizm — impe­rializm ba tavri marksisti-lenini tahtil karda shuda, noguzir va qonuni budani Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sotsialistii Oktyabr dar Rossiya asosnok karda shuda bud. Programma vazifahoi partiyaro baroi tamomi davrai guzarish az kapitalizm ba sotsializm muayyan mekard.

Dar soham iqtisodi Programma harjoniba taraqqi dodani quvvahoi istehsolkunandai mamlakatro kori asosi va halkunandae meshumorid, kp on tamomi siyosati khojagii Hokimiyati Sovetiro muayyan mekard. Talabhoe peshnihod karda meshudand, ki ekspropriatsiyai burjuaziyaro ba okhir rasonida vositahoi istehsolot va muomilotro ba molikiyati umumikhalqi tabdil doda, tamomi amaliyoti khojagii mamlakat dar asosi pla-ni yagonai umumidavlati ba roh monda shavad.

Programma dar sohai khojagii qishloq tashkil namuda­ni ziroati mutaraqqii sotsialisti, tashkili sovkhozho, tashkil va dastgiri kardani jamiyatho va shirkathoi yakjoya kor kardani zamin, yorii davlat ba dehqonon dar rohi baland bardoshtani hosilnokii mehnat, tashkili punkthoi prokati, stansiyahoi tajribavi, intishori donishhoi agrotekhnikiro peshbini mekard. Dar sohai muhofizati mehnat va taminoti sotsiali, dar bobati khonavu joy, nigahdorii tandurustii khalq, maorifi khalq, tadbirhoi konkreti peshbini karda shuda budand.

Dar natijai ijroi Programmai 2-yu m Ittifoqi Soveti khele taraqqi kar­da va ba davlati puriqtidori industrialiyu kolkhozii sotsialisti tabdil yoft. In Programma dar tarikhi jahoni avvalin Programmai sokhtmoni jamiyati sotsialisti bud.

Programmei seyumi par­tiya. Sotsializm dar Ittifoqi So­veti purra va komilan galaba kard. Dar in sharoit zarur gardid, ki Partiyai nav, Programmai seyumi partiya tartib doda shavad. Loihai onro KM KPSS az rui qarori Sezdi 20-umi partiya (1956) tartib dod. Programmai navro badi muhokimai umumipartiyavi va umumikhalqi Sezdi 22-yumi KPSS (31 oktyabri 1961) qabul kard. Hayot komilan durust budani mazmuni asosii on­ro tasdiq namud va dar in khusus dastovardhoi buzurgi Mamlakati Soveti dar hamai sohahoi sokhtmoni kommunisti dalolat menamoyand. Jamiyat dar taraqqiyoti quvvahoi istehsolkunanda, munosibathoi iqtisodi va ijtimoi, demokratiyai so­tsialisti, ilm, madaniyat, dar tashakkuli odami nav ba komyobihoi kalon noil gardid. Mamlakat ba davrai sotsializmi barkamol vorid shud. SSSR va digar davlathoi so­tsialisti dar inkishofi jamiyati nav tachribai gani va farovon andukhtand. Ayyomi guzashta sobit na­mud, ki dasturhoi asosii nazariyu siyosii Programmai seyum komilan durustand. Vale hayot tahriri onro taqozo namud. Sezdi 26-um i partiya (fevrali 1981) halli in masalaro ba miyon guzosht. In kori masud va muhimro sezdi 27-um (fevrali 1986) anjom dod. Ba tahriri navi Programma, chun ba tamomi faoliyat va siyosati partiyai lenini idomat va navovari khosand. In hujjati asosii nazari va siyosii KPSS tajassumi base ganii goyahoi marksisti-leni­ni, jambasti khulosai ilmii taj­ribai tarikhii hamai naslhoi kom­muniston, odamoni soveti meboshad. Tahriri navi Programma ba zami­nai mustahkami marksizm-leninizm, ba haqqoniyati tahlili vaziyati dokhili va baynalkhalqii mamlakat takya menamoyad. Sobitqadami va idomat dar sohai nazariya taqozo monamoyand, ki tajribai tarikhi ejodkorona omukhta shavad. Dar tuli 25 soli badi qabul shudani Programma dar mamlakat va berun az hududi on tagyirothoi jiddi ba amal omadand. Partiya Programmaro gani gardonda, dar ayni zamon nuqtahoero, ki az imtihoni zamon guzashta natavonistand az nazari tanqidi darku mulohiza namud. Pro­gramma jarayoni tarikhi, diruz va imruzi mamlakat va jahon, vazifahoi siyosiro ravshan ifoda menamo­yad, az tafsiloti ziyodati, khayoloti beasos orist. Partiya marhalai kununii inkishofi jamiyati moro ibtidoi gardishi buzurg dar halli vazifahoi takomuloti sotsializmi barkamol medonad. Khullasi kalom, programmai mazkur huchjati muhimest dar khususi on ki partiyai le­nini ba chi noil gardid, chi maqsad dorad va bahri chi muboriza va jonboziho mekunad.

Programma dar tahriri navinash az chahor fasl iborat ast. Dar fasli avval «Guzashtan az kapitalizm ba sotsializm va kommunizm — mazmuni asosii zamoni hozira» sukhan aa bobi ahamiyati olamshumuli ta­rikhii Revolyutsiyai Oktyabr, poydor gashtani sotsializm dar SSSR va muborizai neruhoi taraqqikhoh bo hamai kuvvahoi irtijoi meravad. Dar in fasli Programma tahavvuloti azimi ijtimoivu siyosie, ki dar mamlakat ba vuqu payvast, tavsif shudaast. Tajribai SSSR, digar mamlakathoi sotsialisti afzaliyathoi bahsnopaziri ijtimoivu iqtisodi, siyosi, goyavi va manavii jamiyati navro bo tavri etimod- bakhsh namoish dod. Sotsializm, ki bori nakhust dar mamlakati mo amri voqe gardid. ba sistemai jahoni tabdil yoft. Tamomi rafti taraqqiyoti jahon tahlili marksisti-leninii kharakter va mazmuni asosii davrai hoziraro tasdiq menamoyad. In davra — davrai az kapitalizm ba sotsializm va kommunizm guzashtan, musobiqai tarikhii du siste­mai ijtimoivu siyosii jahoni, dav­rai revolyutsiyai sotsialisti va mil­lii ozokhohona, zavodi mustamlikadori, davrai muborizai quvvahoi asosii harakatdihandai taraqqiyoti jamiyati — sotsializmi jahoni, ha­rakati korgariyu kommunisti va khalqhoi davlathoi ozodshuda, harakathoi ommavii demokrati ba muqobili imperializm, siyosati tajovuz va zulmu sitami vay, baroi demok­ratiya va progressi ichtimoi mebo­shad.

– Fasli duyumi Programma dar khusu­si «Vazifahoi KPSS dar sohai takmil dodani sotsializm va tadrijan guzashtan ba kommunizm» mufassal naql menamoyad. Tahlili ilmii ayyomi guzashta imkon medihad, ki peshomadhoi taraqqiyoti jamiyati soveti, rohu vositahoi rasidan ba maqsadi nihoi — kommunizm aniq muayyan shavand. Sotsializm va kom­munizm du fazai pay dar pay formatsiyai yagonai kommunistiand. Bayni onho hududi jiddi nest, taraqqiyoti sotsializm, toraft purratar zohir shudani imkoniyatu afzaliyati on, mustahkam gardidani poyahoi umumikommunistii khosi sotsializm peshrafti haqiqii jamiyat ba sui kommunizm ast. Kommunizm sokhti jamiyatii besinfiest, ki dar on vositahoi istehsolot molikiyati yagonai umumikhalqi buda, hamai azoyoni jamiyat az jihati ijtimoi komilan barobarand, dar barobari hamajoniba inkishof yoftani odamon quvvahoi istehsolkunanda ham dar asosi ilm va tekhnikai doimoinkishofyobanda taraqqi mekunand, kha­mai manbahoi sarvathoi jamiyat farovon meshavand va prinsipi buzurgi «az har kas muvofiqi qobiliyatash, ba har kas muvofiqi talabotash» tatbiq megardad. Kommunizm jamiyati ba darajai oli mutashakkili mehnatkashoni ozodu boshuurest, ki dar on khudidorakunii jamiyati poydor megardad, mehnat ba nafi jamiyat talaboti avvalini hayot, zarurati darkshudai hama gardida, qobiliyati har kas ba nafi harchi ziyodtari khalq istifoda meshavad. Ba qadri pesh raftan ba sui on, gun shudani tajribai sokhtmoni kommu­nisti tasavvuroti ilmi dar khususi fazai olii jamiyati nav toraft gani va aniq megardad. Jamiyati nav oyandai khudro boshuurona bunyod mekunad. Qonunhoi inkishofi jamiyat zarurati az sotsializm ba kommunizm guzashtanro muayyan menamoyand. Dar halli vazifahoi pukhtarasida ham shitobkori va ham sustkori noravost. Har kushishi pesh guzashtan, jori namudani prinsiphoi kommunisti biduni ba hisob giriftani darajai kamoloti moddi va manavii jamiyat, chunon ki tajriba nishon medihad, mahkumi nokomi buda, boisi dushvorihoi ham iqtisodi va ham siyosi shuda metavonad.

Partiya haminro ba nazar megirad, ki dar arsai baynalkhalqi bayni du sistemai jamiyatii mukholifi khamdigar bahsi tarikhi davom doshta metavonad va boyad bo rohi osoishta hal gardad, sotsializm boyad afzaliyati bahsnopaziri khudro dar hama jabhahoi zindagi, ilm va madaniyat, baland bardoshtani darajai zindagii mehnatkashon, inkishofi demokratiyai sotsialisti isbot namoyad. KPSS chunin meshumorad, ki in­kishofi hamajonibai jamiyati soveti, peshravii muntazami vay ba suy kommunizm bo rohi tezondani taraqqiyoti ijtimoiyu iqtisodii mamlakat tamin megardad. Mahz tajaddudi bosurati ilmiyu tekhnikii istehsolot, hamajoniba ziyod kardani mahsulnokii mehnat, behtar namudani sifati mahsulot asosi tahavvuli sodai iqtisodiyot meboshad. Dar tahriri navi Programma komyobihoi tarikhi va afzaliyathoi sotsia­lizm beshtar tavsif yofta, tarhi so­dahoi iqtisodi, ijtimoi, siyosi, hayoti manavi, ki jamiyati soveti tavassuti ijroi programma ba on noil megardad, tasvir shudaast. Par­tiya siyosati ijtimoiro vositai tavonoi taraqqii bosurati mamlakat, inkishofi faoliyati mehnati va jamiyatiyu siyosii omma, tashakkuli odamin, poydor shudani tarzi hayoti sotsialisti meshumorad. KPSS vazifa meguzorad. ki nekuahvolii mardumi soveti ba poyai sifatan nav bardoshta shavad, dar hamai jabhahoi asosii munosibathoi jamiyati adolati ijtimoi toraft purra­tar hukmron boshad. Hamai on chi ki dar Programma peshbini shudaast, ba inson, ba nekuahvoliyu saodati vay khizmat mekunad.

Programma marhalai navi inki­shofi munosibathoi milliro dar SSSR inikos menamoyad. Partiya dar faoliyati khud sermillatii jamiyati sovetiro hamajoniba ba nazari etibor megirad. Nashunamo va ba ham nazdik shudani millatho va khalqiyathoi sotsialisti az vazifahoi muhimtarini partiya va davlat buda, ba takmili sotsializm musoidat menamoyand. Dar in kor yagon tahriki suni, hamchunin bozdoshtani tamoyulhoi obektivii taraqqiyot no­ravost. Inkishofi in jarayon dar oyandai duri tarikhi boisi yagonagii komili millatho megardad. Dar in fasli Programma ba masalahoi bartaraf kardani tafovuti sinfi, tashakkuli jamiyati az jihati ijtimoi yakkhela, inkishofi sistemai siyosii jamiyati soveti etibori JPDDI doda shudaast. Dasturhoi pro­grammavii sohai kori ideologi, goyaviyu partiyavi ham ba tezonidani taraqqiyoti ijtimoivu iqtisodi zich payvastand. Odamonro dar ruhi goyahoi marksisti-lenini, bo kalomi haq va namunai ibrat tavassuti vahdati qavlu amal tarbiya namuda ba kamol rasondan lozim ast.

Fasli seyumi tahriri navi Pro­gramma dar khususi «Vazifahoi KPSS dar arsai baynalkhalqi, dar muboriza baroi sulh va progressi ijtimoi» bahs namuda, tamoyuli asosii taraqqiyoti jahonro inikos mena­moyad, ki vay az minbad mustahkam shudani mavqei sotsializm, afzudani obruvu etibor va tasiri on iborat ast. Partiya bahri munosi­bathoi poydori rafiqona va hamkorii hamatarafai SSSR bo tamomi davlathoi sistemai jahonii sotsia­listi sayu kushish mekunad. Sotsia­lizm afzaliyathoi khudro na bo zuri yaroq, balki bo quvvai ibrat dar hamai sohahoi hayoti jamiyati isbot monamoyad.

Fasli chorum ba tavsifi partiya hamchun quvvai rahnamoi jamiyati soveti bakhshida shudaast. Partiya rohero tay kard, ki az jihati amiqi va quvvai tasirash ba taraqqiyoti jamiyati behamtost. Vay az nakhustii krujokhoi marksisti, ba vositai se revolyutsiyai khalqi bosurat to ba martabai rohbari davlati buzurgi sotsialisti rasid. Partiya ilhombakhshu tashkilotchii ejodkori tarikhii omma, quvvai rohbaru rahnamoi jamiyati most.

Ad.: Programmai Partiyai Kommunis­tii Ittifoqi Soveti (tahriri nav), D., 1986.            YaG.

M. Sultonov.