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Orbita

«Orbita», nomi shartii stansiyahoi ruizaminii aloqai kayhoni, ki dar territoriyai SSSR sistemai yagonaro tashkil medihand; tavassuti radifoni aloqai «Molniya» baroi ret­ranslyatsiyai minbada barnomahoi monokhromi (siyohu safed) va rangai televizioni markaziro irsol va qabul mekunad. Avvalin 20 stansiyai in sistema soli1967 ba kor cap kardand va soli 1982 shumorai onho qarib ba 100 rasid. Bo bunyodi «Orbita» bisyor telemarkazhoe, ki dar punkthoi durdasti mamlakat joy giriftaand, imkoniyat paydo kardand, ki barnomahoi 1-um yo 2-yumi programmai Televizioni markaziro qabul kunand.

Avvalho dar sistemai sovetii aloqai kayhoni radifoni «Molniya-1» dar diapazoni mavjhoi desimetri amal mekardand. Soli 1972 stansiyahoi «0.-2» sokhta shudand, ki bo radifoni «Molniya-2» (dar diapazoni mavjhoi santimetr) kor mekunand. Sistemai amalkunandai aloqai kayhonii SSSR «Molniya-Orbita» nom gi­rift. In sistema gayr az qabuli barnomahoi televizioni, inchunin baroi mubodilai dutarafa yo irsoli yaktarafai navhoi digari akhborot khizmat menamoyad.

Sistemai «Mol­niya-Orbita» dar tamomi territoriyai SSSR amal mekunad. Seanshoi aloqa bo yorii dar yak radifi «Molniya» dar shaboruz 8—10 soat davom mekunand. Stansiyahoi sovetii ruizaminii aloqai kayhonii «Orbita» dar Kuba, Respublikai Demokratii Germaniya, Respublikai Sovetii Chekhoslavakiya, Respublikai Khalqii Muguliston, Respublikai Khalqii Polsha, Respublikai Sovetii Vengriya va Hinduston niz istifoda burda meshavand. Stansiyahoi «Orbita-2» dar Kho­rug (1977), Dushanbe (1979) sokhta  shudaand.

Инчунин кобед

SADUDDINI HAMMUI Muhammad ibni Juvayni

SADUDDINI HAMMUI Muhammad ibni Juvayni (soli tavallud nomalum — Vafot 1252), yake az namoyandagoni mashhuri …