Optikai gayrikhatti

Optikai gayrikhatti, yak sohai optikai fizikist, ki dar on pahnshavii dastahoi puriqtidori rushnoi dar jismhoi sakht, moe va gaz, inchunin tasiri mutaqobili onho bo modda tadqiq meshavad. Bo bunyodi lazerho optika ba manbahoi afkanishoti kogerentii iqtidoradshon to 10®—dO¹¹ Vt sohib shud. Dar chunin maydoni zuri rushnoi hodisahoi tamoman navi optiki ba amal omada, kharakteri hodisahoi malum ba kulli tagyir meyobad.

Ba intensiviyati rushnoi vobasta budani kharakteri guzarishi chunin hodisaho yake az khususiyathoi umumii onhost. Maydoni zuri rushnoi khususiyathoi optikii  muhit (nishondihandai shi­kast p, koeffisienti furuburd)-ro tagyir medihad va vobasta ba on kharakteri hodisa ham tagyir meyobad.

Guftahoi bolo paydoishi istilohi Optikai gayrikhattiro sharh medihand, yane agar kharakteristikahoi optikii muhit funksiyahoi shiddatnokii maydoni elektrii mavji rgshnoi E boshand, polyarizatsiyai muhit ba E gayrikhatti vobasta meshavad. Optikai gayrikhatti bo nazariyai gayrikhattii lappishho (nigared Sistemai gayrikhatti), akustikai gayrikhatty va gayra umumiyati bisyore dorad. Tabiist, ki optikai dastahoi rushnoii sust, ki maydoni onho khosiyathoi muhitro ba darajai namoyon tagyir doda nametavonand, opti­kai khatti nomida meshavad.

Soli 1923 S. I. Vavilov va V. I. Lenin mushohida kardand, ki bo afzoishi intensiviyati rushnoi furuburdi rushnoi dar shishai uran kam meshavad. Onho inro chunin sharh dodand: dar maydoni zuri elektromagniti qismi ziyodi atomho (yo khud molekulaho) dar holati angekhta meboshand va rushnoiro digar furuburda nametavonand. Vavilov in hodisaro yake az hodisahoi gayrikhattii sershumori optika hisobida, ba ili istilohi «Optikai gayrikhatti»-ro dokhil namud. Pas az sokhta shudani lazerho baroi tadqiqi hodisahoi gayrikhattii optika imkoniyathoi kalon faroham omadand. Nigared niz Optika.