Oldovay

Oldovay, O l d u v a y (Oldoway, Olduvai), daraest dar shimoli Tanzaniya, Z6 kilometr shimol sharqtari kuli Eyasi voqe gardidaast. Solhoi 30—60 asri 20 onro bostonshinos va antropologkhoi anglis L.Liki va M. Liki tadqiq namudand. Dar Oldovay andaruni tahshini kul boqimondai osori madaniyati davrai paleolit va yake az qadimtarin materialhoi paleoantro­pologii jakhon bar jo mondaand.

Dar qabati poyoni (ziyoda az 2 million sola) boqimondai qarorgohi shikorchiyoni qadimtarin va ustukhonhoi 4 odami maymunshakl (Homo habilia), prezinjantrop, ki beshtar ba maymunhoi avstralopiteki (nigared Avst­ralopitekov) shabohat doshta, ammo davrai az olami hayvonot judoshavii odamro az cap guzarondaand, yoft shudand. Homo aShv, ki onro bisyor olimon avstralopitek mehisoband va Australopitbekus habilis menomand, bo qomati rost khub gashta metavonistand va khajmi kosakhonai sarashon ba 652 santimetr merasid.

Dar Oldovay inchunin kosakhonai sari av­stralopitek (zinjantrop), ustukhonhoi khayvonhoi dar vaqti shikor kushtashuda (khoyandaho, hasharotkhurho, sumdorhoi javon) va oloti san­gin baso dagali mansub ba davrai qadimtarini paleolit yoft shudand. Tavorai sangi niz ba nazar merasad, ki ehtimol boqimondai iqomatgoh boshad. Osori gulkhan dida nameshavad (shoyad otash hanuz malum nabud).

Dar qabati boloi (1,4—1 millionsola) olati sangi va ustukhonhoi odamone, ki dar bayni Homo aShz va pitekantropho meistodand, yoft shudand. Onho zeri qabathoi davrai shell mondaand. Dar yake az tabaqaho ustukhoni pitekantropi oldovay (odami davrai shellii 490 hazor sol pesh zista) yoft shudaast. Qabathoi boloii Oldovay ba davrai madaniyati ashell mansuband.

Adabiyot: G r ya g o r e v G. P., Paleolit Afryakya. Dar kitobi Paleolit mira. tom 1, Leningrad, 1977.