Okrugi Avtonomii Buryathoi Ust-Urda

Okrugi Avtonomii Buryathoi Ust-Urda, dar hayati viloyati Irkutski RSFSR. 26 sentyabr 1937 tashkil shudaast. Masohat 22,4 hazor kilometr². Aholiash 133 hazor nafar (1979), asosan buryatho, rusho, inchunin, totorho, ukrainho, belorusho va digar. Zichii aholi dar 1 kilometr² 6,0 nafar Okrug ba 6 rayoni mamuri taqsim shuda, 4 ptsh dorad. Markazash — poselkai Ust-Urda.

Dar qismi janubi pushtakuhi Lenayu Angara (balandiash 1000 metr) voqe ast. Iqlimash kontinentii shadid. Zimistonash khunuk, harorat miyonai yanvar —22°—25° Selsiya. Tobistonash garm, harorati miyonai iyul 17° Selsiya. Borishoti solona 270—330 millimetr. Davrai nashvi rastani 110 shaboruz. Daryohoi kalontarin: Angara (shokhobhoyash Osa, Ida, Kuda), Manzurka, Kulenga.

Qismi ziyodi territoriyai Okrug dar hududi beshadashti Irkutu Balagan voqe ast, ki khoki chimtolu karbonatii beishqor, dar havzaho beishqori siyohkhok, margzoriyu siyodhok dorad. Maydoni jangalho 900 hazor gektar. Taqriban 80% masohati jangalzorro darakhtzori suzanbarg (koj, sanavbar, jalguza va gayra) pushonidaand. Hayvonoti muinador bisyor ast: sanjob, ruboh, samur sagobi va gayra, az sumdorho — shohgavazn, khongul, moral. Dar daryoho zagoramohi, kharius va gayra ziyodand.

Dar sarzamine, ki holo buryathoi Nazdi Baykal zindagi mekunand, odamon hanuz dar davrai paleolit maskan karda budand. Malumoti avvalin doir ba buryatho ba Ros­siya ibtidoi asri 17 omada bud. Buryatho dar miyonai asri 17 purra ba hayati Davlati Rus hamroh shudand.

Qismi ziyodi buryathoi Nazdi Bay­kal rasman mazhabi pravoslaviro qabul karda boshad ham, _J shamanparastiro nigoh medoshtand. Feodalhoi mahalli, savdogaron-sudkhurho va amaldoroni podshoh buryathoro berahmona istismor mekardand, ki in ahvol boisi borho cap zadani shurishhoi khalqi shuda bud (az jumla shurishi soli 1658 dar dashti Bala­gan).

Solhoi 1902—04 bo rohbarii ba- dargashudagoni siyosi dar Nazdi Baykal gurukhhoi soveti deputatho barpo gardidand. Pas az revolyutsiyai Fevrali 1917 dar territoriyai buryathoi Nazdi Baykal vohidhoi mamurni milli (aymoqho, khoshunho va somonho) tashkil karda shudand. Hokimiyati Soveti dar Nazdi Baykal fevrali soli 1918 barpo karda shud. Tobistoni 1918 dar natijaya balvoi korpusi chekhoslovakho territoriyai okrugro gvardiyachiyoni safed ishgol kardand.

Armiyai Surkh bo hamrohii partizanho soli 1920 dar Nazdi Baykal Hokimiyati Sovetiro az nav barqaror kard. Apreli 1921 dar territoriyai Respublikai Sharqi Dur Viloyati Avtonomii Buryatu Mugulho, yanvari1922 dar territoriyai RSFSR niz viloyati Avt.

Buryatu Mugul tashkil karda shud. Soli 1923 khardu viloyati avtonomi muttahid gardida RASS Buryatu Mugulro tashkil dodand (markazash — Ulan-Ude), ki territoriyai hozirai Okrug ba on dokhil bud. Sentyabr 1937 dar yak vaqt viloyati Sibiri Sharqi ba du viloyat Irkutsk va Chita taqsim shud va dar hayati viloyati Ir­kutsk Okrugi millii Buryatu Muguli Ust-Urda (badtar Buryathoi Ust- Urda) tashkil yoft (az soli 1977 Okrugi Avtonomii Buryathoi Ust-Urda).

Dar davrai panjsolaqoi pesh az jang iqtisodiyoti taraqqi kard, zaminqoi koram vase shudavd, sarshumori chorvo ziyod gardid.

Dar davrai Jangi Buzurgi Vatani dar natijai azkhud karda shudani 31,4 hazor gektar zaminhoi bekorkhobida mehnatkashoni Okrug istehsoli galla, ziroati tekhniki, kartoshka va sabzavotro khele ziyod kardand. Baroi fondi mudofia 13,3 million sum jam karda shuda bud. Panj jangovari Okrug nomi Qahramoni Ittifoqi Soveti giriftand.

Badi jang dar khojagii khalq va madaniyat komyobihoi nav ba dast omad. 10 kas sazovori unvoni Qahramoni Mehnati Sotsialista gardid Soli 1972 Okruti avtonomi bo ordeni Dustii Khalqho mukofotonida shud. (Dar borai tarikh, iqtisodiyot, madaniyat va adabiyoti buryatho nigared ba faslhoi dakhldori Buryatiston).

Sohai asosii khojagii Okrug: gallakori (gandum, suli, jav va gayra) va chor- vodorist (chorvoi gushtu shirdeh va pashmdihanda), az 1/₃ qismi tamomi mahsuloti ziroat va chorvodorii viloyati Irkutskro medihad. Okrug soli 1978, 223 hazor gov, 300 hazor buzu gusfand dosht.

Sanoat, ki pesh az Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sotsialistii Oktyabr vujud nadosht, holo bomuvaffaqiyat taraqqi karda istodaast. Gaj va angishtsang istikhroj karda meshavad (dar Zabituy va nazdikii posyolkai Ust-Urda). Khoja- gihoi sanoati jangal (Ust-Urda, Bokhav va gayra) soli 1975 ziyoda az 500 hazor metr* chub tayyor kardand. Istehsoli ravgan va panir sohahoi muhimi sanoati sabuk meboshand. Rohi ohan Trans- sibir az qismi janubi garbii okrug meguzarad (33,6 kilometr). Tuli rohhoi avtomobilgard— 1754 kilometr. (1976). Daryoi Angara kishtigard ast.

Soli khonishi 1978/79 maktabhoi malumoti umumi 30,2 hazor talaba, dar maktabhoi miyonan makhsus 0,6 hazor talaba mekhond. Soli 1978 dar 95 muassisai tomaktabi 5741 kudak tarbiya meyoft. Dar Okrug 142 kityubkhonai ommavi, muzei kishvarshinosi, 161 klub, 273 dastgohi filmnishondikhi, 4 khonai pioneron, maktabi sportii bachagona kor mekardand. Soli 1979 Okrug 165 dukhtur, 979 korkunoni miyonan tibbi va dar bemorkhonado 1355 kat dosht.

Gazetahoi okrugi: «Leniney tug» («Bayraqi Lenin», az soli 1954), ba zaboni buryati, «Znamya Lenina» (az 1937, ba zaboni rusi) nashr meshavand. Aholii okrug az radio va televizion istifoda mebarand.