Obhoi zerizamini

Obhoi zerizamini, obhoi qismi boloii qishri Zamin (to chuqurihoi 12—16 kilometr)-ro guyand, ki dar holati moe, sakht (yakh) va bur vomekhurand. Obhoi 3erizamini bo vazni khud harakatkunandaro Obhoi zerizaminii ozod yo gravitasion, dar rui zarrahoi jinsho chun parda yo bur jo giriftaro Obhoi zerizaminii payvast (sorbsiyashuda), dar surokhihoi khurdi jinsho daromadamondaro Obhoi zerizaminii kapillyari menomand.

Vobasta ba khususiyati kholigii jinshoi obnigahdor Obhoi zerizamini masomagi, tarqishi va karsti meshavand. Obhoi zerizaminii  masomagi dar pek, shagal va digar jinshoi shikastapora, tarqishi dar tabaqai jinshoi shakhi (granitu gneysho) va k a r s t i  dar jinshoi mahlulshavan-da (ohaksang, dolomit, gaj va gayra) joygir meshavand. Qabathoi az obi gravitasioni purshudai jinshoi kuhi   gorizonthoi obdorro tashkil medihand.

Az sathi zamin avvalin qabati obdorro gori­zonta obhoi zaminy meno­mand. Dar rui gorizonti obhoi za­mini obhoi kapillyari va az on bo­lotar zonai aerasiya voqe gashtaand. Az zahidani obhoi boron va obyorishavanda dar qabathoi obnoguzari zonai aerasiya obhoi mavsimi jam meshavand. Dar tagi gorizonti obhoi zamini gorizonti obhoi fishornoki arteziani khobidaand. Dar tarkibi Obhoi zerizamini elementhoi gunoguni khimiyavi (ba miqdori ziyod K, Na, Sa, Mg, Fe, Al, S, C, Si, N, O, H), inchunin moddahoi organiki va gaz (So*, O*, N*, S*N₂ va gayra) mavjudand.

Obhoi zerizaminiro az rui darajai mineralno- kiashon ba Obhoi zerizaminii shirin (to 1 gramm/litr), shur (to 50 gramm/litr) va namakohoi zerizamini (besh az 50 gramm/litr) judo mekunand. Az jihati paydoish Obhoi zeizamini infiltrasioni, kondensasioni, sedimentasioni, magmatogeni yo ki yuvenili meshavand.

Obhoi zerizaminii filtrasioni — dar natijai ba zeri zamin zahida guzashtani obhoi barfuboron va kulu daryoho, kon­densasioni— ba tufayli ba ob tabdil yoftani bur va ba qabati jinshoi masomayu tarqishdor joygir shudani on, sedimentasioni — dar rafti jamshavii tahshinho, magmatogeni yo yuvedili — hangomi kristallbandii magma yo metamorfizmi jinshoi kuhi ba vujud meoyand. Shindo, magmatogeny yo yuvedily — khangomi kristallbayadnn magma yo metamorfiami jinsdon kudy ba vujud meoyand.

Obhoi zerizamini yak qismi zakhirai obi Zaminro tashkil medihand. Zakhirahoi umumii Obhoi zerizaminii khushki besh az 60 million kilometr³ ast. Obhoi zerizaminiro sarvati zerizamini meshumorand, ki onho bar khilofi namudhoi digari sarvathoi zerizamini dar prosessi istifoda az nav barqaror meshavand. Bo tadqiqi Obhoi zerizamini gidrogeologiya mashgul ast. Dar SSSR ziyoda az 100 stansiyahoi gidrogeo­logi mavjud buda, beshtar az 25000 punkti nazoratiro darbar megirad.

Dar territoriyai Tojikiston zakhirahoi kaloni Obhoi zerizamini  mavjudand. Onho besh­tar obhoi shirini arteziani, chashmahoi garmu khunuk, inchunin obhoi minerali va namakobhoi zerizaminiand .Obhoi zerizaminii khushsifati nushoki asosan dar qismhoi boloi va miyonai konushoi selovard, vodihoi nazdikuhi va zeri daryobodho jam shudaand. Mahz hamin joyho baroi koftani parmachohho khele muvofiqand.

Debiti in guna chohho dar 1 soniya dahho va sadho litrro tashkil medihad. Obhoi zerizamini baroi az obi nushoki tamin kardani aholiyu chorvoi jamiyati va obyorii zaminho, inchu­nin ehtiyojoti tekhnologii korkhonahoi sanoati va muolijai bemoron, hosil kardani namak va yak qator elementhoi khimiyavi (yod, bor, brom va gayra) ahamiyati kalon dorand.