Nozim Hikmat Ran

Nozim Hikmat Ran (Nazim Hikmet Ran; 20. 01. 1902, Saloniki — 3.6. 1963, Moskva), shoir, navisanda va khodimi jamiyatii turk. Asosguzori nazmi revolyutsonii Turkiya. Az oilai ashrof. Nozim HIKMAT ishtirokchii faoli kharakati ozodikhohii           millii Turkiya (1918—1922). Asarhoyash az soli 1917 nashr shudaand. Soli 1920 az Istanbuli zabtshuda ba Anatoliya omad. Dar on jo jangi milliyu ozodikhohi meraft. Soli 1921 ba mamlakati soveti omada, dar Universiteti kommunistii mehnatkashoni Sharq tahsil kard va ba safi RKP (b) dokhil shud (1922). Soli 1924 ba Turkiya bargashta, ba safi Partiyai Kommunistii Turkiya daromad. Dar gazeta va jurnalhoi revolyutsioni hamkori namud. Soli 1927 ba sababi avj giriftani taqibot boz ba Ittifoqi So­veti omad. Avvalin majm, ashorash «Taronai nushandagoni oftob» (1928) dar Boku nashr shudaast.

Dar asho­ri indavrainai Nozim Hikmat shaklparasti ba nazar merasad. Soli 1928 boz ba Turkiya bargasht. Dar majm, sherhoi «835 satr» (1929), «Varan-3» (1930), «1 + 1 = 1» (1930) va «Shahri ovozgumkarda» (1931) imperializmro fosh va khalqi Turkiyaro ba muboriza davat karda, revolyutsiyaro vasf menamoyad. Dostoni «Chokonda va Si-Ya-u» (1929) va romani manzumi «Baroi chi Benerji khudro halok sokht?» (1932) ba muqobili siyosati mustamlikadorin imperialistov ravona shudaand. Dar pesahoi «Kosakhonai sar» (1932), «Khonai marhum» (1932), «Odami faromushshuda» (1935) taqdiri shakhs dar jamiyati kapitalisti inikos yoftaast. Baroi majm., sherhoi «Telegrammai shabomada» (1932), ki dar on kommunistoni Turkiyaro ba muborizai sobitqadamona dar rohi demo­kratiya davat namudaast, ba habsi panjsola mahkum gardid (badi yak sol bo afvi umum ozod shud). Pas az in qarib badi nashri har yak asarash ba habs girifta meshud. Dar majm. «Portretho» (1935), dostoni «Maktubho ba Taranta Babu» (1935) va asari publitsistii «Fashizmi nemis va nazariyai najod» (1936)

fashizm va tarafdoroni dar Turkiya budai onro mazammat namudaast. «Dostoni dar borai shaykh Badruddiini Shimavni» va hamchun ilova ba in kitob «Iftikhori milli», ki dar asl tarjumai asari V. I. Lenin «Dar borai iftikhori millii velikorosho» ast, asarhoi okhirine budand, ki soli 1936 dar Turkiya ba tab rasidaand. Soli 1938 ba muddati 28 sol ba habs hukm shud. Umuman, 17 soli umri Nozim Hikmat dar mahbashoi Tur­kiya guzasht. Epopeyai «Manzarahoi hayoti inson», majm. sherhoi «Mak­tubho az mahbas», pesahoi «Afsonai ishq», «Yusuf va Zulayho» dar habskhona navishta shudaand. Soli 1950, hukumati Turkiya zeri fishori afkori jamiyatii jahon uro az habs ozod kard.

Soli 1951 ba SSSR, ki vatani duyumini u bud, omad. Dar in jo u pesahoi «Hikoyahoi doir ba Tur­kiya» (1952), «Shakhsi ajib» (1955), «Oyo Ivan Ivanovich vujud dosht?»-ro (1956) navisht. Tasiri Nozim Hikmat dar nazmi muosiri Turkiya ziyodbuda, bo nomi u yak raviyai tomi adabi vobastaast. Sherhoi u ba bisyor zabonhoi jahon tarjuma gardida, pesahoyash dar teatrhoi chandin mamlakatho namoish doda meshavand. Azoi Byuro (az soli 1951) va prezidiumi (az 1952) Soveti Umumijahonii Sulh, laureat Mukofoti bayvalkhalqii Sulh (1950). Ba zaboni tojiki romanhoi «Romantika» (1966) va «Shabi arafai zilzila» (1963), majm. hikoyahoi «Chand hikoya» (1967), majm. «Sherho» (1954—1968) va majm. afsonahoi «Abri oshq» (1972) va gayra tarjuma shudaand.

Ad.: Babaev A. A., Nazim Khikmet, M., 1957; Fish R. G., Nazim Khikmet, M., 1968; Gorbatkina G. A., Pesi- legendi Naeima Khikmeta, M.. 1967.