Nok

Nok. Murud, amrud, kummasro (Pyrus), jinsi darakhti mevadorest az oilai nastaraniho; mevai mamul. Balandiash 15-20 m. Tanaash ashhabii tiratob, chubash zardcha, kame gulobi yo safed, navdai yaksola va mugchaash sermuyak yo patdor, bargash gunogunshakl (az mudavvar to neshtarshakl) yo narmonandi chok-chok, khushagulash 6—20-gula, rangi gulash sa­fed yo kame gulobii 5 (bazan 6— 10)-bargash dujinsa, gurakash 2 — 5-palla (har kadom 2-toy tukhmmugcha dorad). Shakl, rang va tami mevaash khele gunogun ast; vaznash az 25 to 300 g.

Dar dunyo 60 va dar SSSR ziyoda az 30 namudi Nok meruyad. Dar Tojikiston 7 namudi Nok mesabzad. 4 namudash khudruy (murudi khirsak R. regelii, anjirak yo shaking — P. bucharica, kayon — P. cajon va murud — P. tadshikistanica va 3 namudash (Noki muqarrari, shakarmurud — P. pyrifo- lia, turunj — P. ussuriensis) az qadimulayyom parvarish karda meshavad. Dar davomi solhoi duru daroz az namudhoi nomburda navhoi gunoguni amrudu Noki mahalli (dilafuze, girdakmurud, kampirmurud, kulukhmurud, kululanok, kabudnok, kayon, poshpoti, olmurud, safedmurud, sohibmurud, turshmurud, shohmurud, fusaynimurud, yakhakmurud, shurpok, noki rarzi, noki garmi, naimnok va gayra)-ro ruyondaand. Holo dar bisyor davlathoi jahon va SSSR makhsusan Noki muqarrari mamul ast.

Noki muqarrari (P.communis) darakhtest balandiash to 20 m. Bar­gash mudavvar yo darozruyai dandonador, gulash sap-safed yo gulobi, khushagulash 6—12-gula. Shakl va andozai mevaash gunogun ast.

Dar Yunoni Qadim Noqro 2 hazor sol muqaddam parvarish mekardand. Ho­lo dar dunyo 900—950 hazor ga nokzor buda, sole beshtar az 6 mln t (dar Evropa ziyoda az 3,6 mln, dar Ameri­ka qarib 1 mln t, dar Osiyo ziyoda az 600 hazor t) hosil megundorand. Nohiyahoi asosii nokparvarin SSSR:

Kram, Ukraina, Moldaviya, Kavkaen Shpmoly, Zakavkaaiya, Belorussiya va Osiyoi Miyona. Beshtar az 250 hazor ga nokzor (ziyoda az 20 mln bekh) buda, dar khonagihoi peshqadam 120—130 s/ga (ba hisobi miyona dar SSSR 50 s/ga) hosil megundorand. 5 hazor navi Nok malum ast. Ziyoda az 200 navi onro dar SSSR parvarish mekunand. Aksari navhoi evropoii Nokro az namudi P. communis ruyondaand. Va­le baroi ruyondani in navho namudhoi digari Nok (P. nivalis, R. sa- ucasica, P. ussuriensis) niz istifoda shudaand.

Az navhoi evropoii Nok dar sharoiti Tojikiston «Lyubimisa Klapp», «Bon Kreten Vilyams», «Payna», «Seyanes Kiffera», «Bere Boek», «Lesnaya krasavisa», «Sen Jermen», «Kyure» «Olive de Serr» hosili khub medihand. Az Nok murabbo, sharbat, kompot, marmelad, povidlo, moqut, may va gayra tayyor mekunand. Nok mevai mamul ast. Beshtar baroi tarkhuri istifoda mebarand. Dar tarkibash 5—16% qand, to 1% javhar, 3,51% pektin, 0,3%’ safeda, vitaminhoi A, V, S, RR dorad.

Tasvir dar sah. 96—97.

Ad.: Qosimov M., Navhoi mahallii murudu nokho, D., 1971; Flora Tad­jikskoy SSR, t. 4, L., 1975; V e kh o v V. N., Gubanov I. A., Lebedeva G. F., Kulturnie rasteniya SSSR, M., 1978.