Nohiyabandii zilzila

Nohiyabandii zilzila, muay­yan kardani ballnokii mavzehoi zilzilakhee, hududi mintaqahoi ballnokii onho va davri takrori zilzila dar in nohiyahost. Kharitan Nohiyabandii zilzila dar asosi kompleksona mstifoda burdani malumothoi seys­mologi (taqsimoti fazoii manbahoi zilzila va zuhuroti lappishho dar sathi zamin, magnituda va yo energiyai zilzila, takror yoftani onho dar makonu zamon, sokhti umqii qari zamin va gayra), geologi (tekto­nika va neotsktonika, larzishi kafidaho va gunogunii navtarin harakathoi tektoniki) va geofiziki (sokhti qabathoi boloii qishri za­min va mantiyai boloii on, gradienti maydonhoi geofiziki, harakathoi hozirazamon va monandi inho) tartib doda meshavad.

Dar kharitai Nohiyabandii zilzila nohiyahoi serzilzilae nishon doda meshavand, ki shartu sharoiti zaminashov mutavassit boshand. Ba in qabil zaminho khok, khoki regdor va regi nishasta, ki dar onho umki obhoi zerizamini beshtar az 9 m., inchunin zaminhoi shagalsangu kafadasangi umqi obhoi zaminiashon 6— 40 m meboshand, mansuband.

Bo maqsadi muayyan kardani ballnokii mahalhoe, ki baroi sokhtmoni binoho yo khud shahrho judo kar­da meshavand, shartu sharoiti zaminii on (khosiyathoi fiziki va dinamikii qabathoi zamin, relefi mahal, khususiyathoi spektrii laipishho, satkhi obhoi zamini va gayra)-ro ba hisob megirand. In qismati korro mikronohiyabandii zilzila meno­mand.

Solhoi okhir dar sohai Nohiyabandii zilzila mafhumi ba nom nohiyabandii daqiqi zilzila ba miyon omad, ki bayni Nohiyahoi zilzila va mikronohiyabandii zilzila baze masalahoro hal menamoyad. Nohiyabandii daqiqi zilzilaro oda­tan dar mavzehoe meguzaronand, ki baroi sokhtmoni inshoothoi buzurgi gidrotekhniki (masalan, nohiyai GES-i Norak va Rogun) intikhob karda me­shavand. Dar on ballnokii nohiya, vobasta ba sharoithoi konkretii geo­logi, akselerogramma (sabti tezshavii lappishhoi seysmiki), velisogramma (sabti surati laodashkhoi seysmiki), seysmogrammai mahalro muoina mekunand, mavjudiyati kafidahoi khurdu kalonro oshkor menamoyand, khomush shudani lattishhoi zilzila, mekhanizmi manbai zilzila, pahnoishi zilzilaro dar umqi za­min va digar masalahoro meomuzand.

Kharitai Nohiyabandii zilzila odatan dar masshtab­hoi 1:1000 000, 1:2500000, kharitai nohiyabandii daqiqi zilzila dar masshtabhoi 1:20000, 1: 40000, kharitai mikronohiyabandii zilzila dar masshtabhoi 1: 10000, 1: 25000 tartib doda meshavad. Chunin kharitahoro dar sokhtani binovu inshoot chun normativ istifoda mebarand. 28,6%-i tamomi territoriyai mamlakatamonro nohiyahoi zilzilakhez tashkil medihand. Az onho 2,4%-ash nohiyahoi nuhballa va 3,2%-ash nohiyahoi hashtballa meboshand. Dar SSSR Kamchatka, jazirahoi Kuril, Pribaykaliya, Osiyoi Ma­yona nohiyahoi beshtar zilzilakhezand. Nohiyahoi Kavkaz, Qrim, Moldaviya va serzilzila meboshand.

Kharitai Nohiyabandii zilzilai Osiyoi Miyona, az jumla territoriyai Tojikistonro soli 1933 ge­ologi marufi soveti D. I. Mushke­tov tartib doda bud. Dar jarayoni gun kardani malumothoi seysmolo­gi va geologi geologi soveti G. P. Gorshkov solhoi 1940, 1949 va 1951 varianthoi gunoguni kharitahoi Nohiyabandii zilzila Osiyoi Miyonaro tartib dod, ki onho baroi sokhtmoni inshoothoi sanoatiyu grajdani chun normativ istifoda meshudand. Sonitar kharitai Nohiyabandii zilzilai Osiyoi Miyona tahti rohbarii S. V. Medvedev (1957), alalkhusus Nohiyabandii zilzilai territoriyai Tojikiston tahti rohbarii V. N. Gayskiy, V. M. Reyman, A. P. Katok (1963) tartib doda shudand. Soli 1975 az tarafi kollektivi kaloni muallifon tahti rohbarii akademik M. A. Sadovskiy kharitai navi normativii Nohiyabandii zilzilai SSSR kashida shud.

Geolog va seysmologhoi tojik A. M. Boboev, G. V. Kotlakov va K. M. Mirzoev soli 1978 kharitai navi Nohiyabandii zilzilai Tojikistonro tartib dodand. Farqi in kharita az kharitahoi mavjudan Nohiyabandii zilzila dar on ast, ki dar zonahoi zilzilakhez, shartu sharoithoi miqdorii malumothoi seysmologi, geologi va geofiziki va takrorshavii zilzila dar strukturahoi konkretii zilzilakhez nishon doda shudaand. Dar in kharita ba juz nohiyahoi 7, 8 va 9- balla, inchunin se kategoriyai zil­zila nishon doda shudaast, ki muvofiqan dar 30—300, 300—3000 va 3000—30000 sol zilzila yak marotiba takror yofta metavonad. Muallifoni asari mazkur baroi in tadqiqoti navin sazovori laureati Mukofoti davlatii RSS Tojikiston ba nomi Abuali ibni Sino gardidand. Kharitai Nohiyabandii zzilzila nig. maqolai Zilzila.

Ad: Seysmicheskoe rayonirovanie SSSR M.. 1968; Stroitelstvo v seysmiche­skikh rayonakh. Normi i proektirovanii, M.. <970; Babaev A. M. Gva dig.1, Seysmicheskoe rayonirovanie Tadjikis­tana. D.. 1978.