Nitroanduzho

Nitroanduzho, bakteriya­hoi nitroanduz, bakteriyahoe, ki ammiak va namakhoi ammoniyro ba nitratho tabdil medihand; bak­teriyahoi aerobi, serharakat (kam­ennaya dorand) buda, sokini khok va obanborhoand Nitroanduzho mikrobiologi rus S. N. Vinogradskiy soli 1889 kashf va tavsif kardaast (in kashfiyot ba u imkon dod, ki talimoti khemosintezro ofarad). Ba nitratho mubaddal shudani NH3 (nigared Nitrifikat­siya) dar du davra meguzarad. Avval bakteriyahoi nitriti (Nitrosomonas) NH3-po to nitrit oksid mekunand: NHU+ + 11/202 -► N02“ — 2N+ + HjO.

Sipas, bakteriyahoi nitrati (Nitro- bacter) nitritro to nitrit oksid mekunand: N02 -f- Va02 -*• N03 . Hamin tavr, dar bayni du guruhi Nitroanduzho munosibati metabioti vujud dorad: bakteriyahoe, ki NH3-po oksid meku­nand, bakteriyahoi oksidkunandai nitritro bo substrat tamin menamoyand. Nitroanduzho ba monandi khemoavtotrof- hoi digar metavonand az hisobi energiyai oksidshavi karboni S02-i at­mosfera yo karbonathoro az khud kar­da, onro baroi sintezi moddahoe, ki ba tarkibi hujayra dokhil mesha­vand, istifoda barand (Nitroanduzho moddahoi organikii khok, obi obanbor, muhiti sunii gizoro istifoda namekunand).