Nazariyai umumii sistemaho

«Nazariyai umumii sistemaho», talimoti makhsusi ilmi va mantiqiyu metodologiest, ki biolo­gi avstriyagi L. Bertalanfi (1901— 1976) peshnihod kardaast. Maqsadi asosii «Nazariyai umumii sistemaho» korkardi mafhumhoest, ki baroi chun sistema tahlil kardani obektho imkon medihand. Ba aqidai Bertalanfi «Nazariyai umumii sistemaho» boyad on tagyiroti jiddiero, ki dar sistemai mafhumhoi ilmi dar arzi asri 20 ba vujud omadaast, inikos namoyad. Jihathoi khosi ilmi muosir inhoand: 1) mavzui tadqiqoti ilmi tashkilot ast; 2) baroi in mavzuro tahlil kardan rohhoi halli problemahoero yoftan darkor ast, ki tagyiryobandahoi bisyore dorand; 3) bar khilofi tabiri mekhanistii tabiat olam hamchun majmui sohayu saviyahoi gunoguni voqeiyat tasvir meyobad, ki aloqai botiniashon dar monandii qonunhoi dar onho amalkunanda zohir meshavad; 4) talimo­ti reduksionizmi fizikalisti joi khudro ba goyai perspektivizm medihad, ki imkonpazir -budani tashakkuli ilmi yagonaro dar zaminai izomorfizmi qonunhoi sohahoi gunogun talqin mekunad. Dushvorihoe, ki dar zimni tatbiqi Nazariyai umumii sistemaho ba amal omadand, zarurati bozdidi nazar kardani yak qator prinsiphoi avvalai onro pesh ovardand. In bud, ki solhoi 60 varianthoi digari nazari­yai sistemaho (M. Mesarovich, L. Zoda, R. Akoff va gayraho) paydo shudand, ki az talimoti Bertalanfi farq mekardand (chi az jihati mazmun va chi shakl, az jumla az jikhati istifodai apparati matematiki va man­tqi).

Okhiri solhoi 60 — ibtidoi 70 khudi Berta­lanfi ham baze nuqtahoi aqidai avvalaashro tagyir doda, mafhumhoi asosii Nazariyai umumii sistemahoro daqiqtarar qalamdod kard. Dar tuli dah soli okhir dar rohi tatbiqi amalii «Nazariyai umumii sistemaho» iqdomi sudbakhshe anjom doda shud (chunonchi, dar biologiya, sistemotekh­nika, zabonshinosi va gayra). Goyahoe, ki dar « Nazariyai umumii sistemaho » bayon yoftaand, az tarafi yak qator muhaqqironi soveti (V. N. Sadovskiy, M. I. Setrov, K. M. Khaylov, E. G. Yudin) inkishof doda shudaand.

Ad.: Lektorskiy V. A., Sadov­skiy V. N., O printsipakh issledovaniya sistem, «Voprosi filosofii», I960, № 8; Setrov M. I., Znachenie obshey teorii sistem L. Bertalanfi dlya biologii, dar kit.: Filosofskie problemi sovremen­noy biologii. M.—L., 1966; Sadov­skiy V. N.. Osnovaniya obshey teorii sistem. M., 1975.