Nabotot

1) n a b o t, nig. Rastani; 2) olami nabotot, majmui fitosenozho (majmui rastanii qitahoi yakkhelaest, ki bayni yakdigar va bo muhit — jangal, dasht, biyobon, margzor va gayra munosibati murakkabi tarafayn dorand)-ro guyand, ki Zamin yo nohiyahoi judogonai onro faro giriftaast. Nabotot mahsuli tahavvulot (evolyutsiya)-i bardavomi olami organiki ast. Nabotot yak juzi muhimmi biosfera buda, ba iqlim, nizomi ob, khok, relef va gayra vobaosta ast.

Tojikiston diyorn kuhsor meboshad. Iqlimi on nihoyat gunogun ast va in boisi khele rangoraigii ola­mi nabotot gashtaast. Dar vodivu kuhhoi Tojikiston giyoh va buttavu darakhtoni bisyor mesabzand. Az rui hisobi peshaki dar hududi Pomiru Oloy taqriban 6—6,5 hazor namudi rastani (akad. P. N. Ovchinnikov) meruyad. Hamvorihoro biyobonhoi shibogzor, daryobodro tugayzor (turonga, gaz, angad, nayu sarnayzor va gayra), mintaqai miyonakuhro chormauz- zor, archazor, bazan dashtho, balandkuhro margzoru dasht (dar Pomiri Sharqi hatto biyobon) faro giriftaand. Nabototi Tojikistonro ba navho (tipho)-i zerin taqsim mekunand: Buttavu darakhtzor. Asosan dar nohiyahoi sernami respublika joy- gir shudaast. Jangalzori pahnbarg, tugayzor, jangalzori rezabarg, archazor (burszor), buttazori pahnbarg (nastaranzor va gayra) va jangalzori garmser (shiblak)-ro dar bar megirad.

Jangalzori pahnbarg az buttavu darakhtoni nami va garmiparvard (alalkhusus chormagz, fark, chinor, tileh, sebi kuhi va buttahoi harkhela tarkib meyobad. Alafzori on beshtar az pesak (hinoi qasdangip), quziqavsha va gayra iborat ast. Jangalzori pahnbarg khosi qatorkuhhoi Hisoru Darvoz (umuman mintaqai miyonakuhi Tojikistoni Markazi, ki dar in jo 1000—1500 mm borishot meshavad) meboshad. Qismi ziyodi on dar nishebihoi chan. qatorkuhhoi Hisor, shim. Darvoz, inchunin Petri I joygir shudaast. Az jangalzori pahn- barg meva (chormagz, olucha, angur, qot, nastaran yo khuch, zirk va gayra), ras- tanihoi khutabuyu gizoi, giyohhoi shifobakhsh megundorand. Buttavu da­rakhton nishebihoi kuhro az eroziya (obshui khok) emnn medorand va mus­tahkam mekunand.

Tugayzor daryobodi hamvorihoi garmi respublikaro dar bar me­girad. Asosan az buttavu darakhtoni turonga, jigda, gaz va gayra iborat ast. Ba tugay giyohhoi khushadori qadbaland (nay, sarnay — eriantus, nayshakari khudruy va gayra) khosand. Tu­gayzor makhsusan dar poyonobi Vakhsh (dar hududi mamnugohi «Polvoptugay») namudi tabiii khudro khub nigoh doshtaast.

Jangalzori rezabarg aso­san dar daryobod va bolotar az jangalzori pahnbarg joygir shudaast. Dar in jo beshtar bed (eroni, turoni), tusi turkistoni, rim (yak nav safedor), angad, buttahoi gaz, yulgun va gayra meruyand. Dar jangalzori rezabarg giyohhoi margzorii gesha, navhoi sebarga, yunujda, mushung, nakhudakho, navkhoi jorubak, sukgiyoh, kharduma va gayra farovonand. Aso­san dar qatorkuhhoi Zarafshon, Badakhshon, Hisoru Darvoz, inchunin dar zinajoyhoi daryobod (qarib dar aksari nohiyahoi respublika) joy giriftaast. Alafzori jangalzori rezabargro darav mekunand, inchunin chun charogoh, khele muhim ast.

A r ch a z o r az darakhtoni suzanbargi udburs, siehburs (archai turkistoni) va murudburs (archan zarafshoni) ba vujud omadaast. Taqriban nisfi jangali Tojikiston az archazor iborat ast. Dar on buttaho (mushol, zirk, tabulga, qot, khuch va gayra) niz bisyorand. Ba alafzori archazor beshtar giyohhoi gandumak, chi- mak, yugan khosand. Archazor asosan dar nishebihoi shimoli hatorkuhi Turki- ston, qisman dar Qurama va Hisoru Zarafshon joy giriftaast. Dar janubi respublika archazor dar qatorkuhhoi balandi Bobotog, Gozimalik, Sarsarak va Sanglokh ba nazar merasad. Archazor charogohi khub ast. Archa chubi alosifat dorad va mevai on ashyoi doruist. Archazor baroi hifzi nishebiho az eroziyai khok ahamiyati khele kalon dorad.

Buttazori pahnbarg (nastaranzor va gayra) az buttahoi nami- parvard iborat ast. Odatan dar mintaqai miyonakuh va domanai balandkuh (dar on joe, ki dashtu margzorand) numu meyobad. Beshtar dar qatorkuhhoi Hisoru Darvoz (sohilhoi Obikhingob, Kofarnihon, Yagnob), ni­shebihoi shimoli kuhi Darvoz vomekhurad va charogohi khub ast.

Ja n galzori garmser az buttavu darakhtovi pastqadi garmser (talkhakbodom, pista, shulash, chilon, totum, zarang, qarganak va gayra) tarkib yoftaast. Alafzori on az giyohhoi efemeri (davri nashunamoyashon kutoh)—ilokh, jorubak, buzgandum, bomas, nakhudak va gayra iborat ast. Asosan pastkuhu domanakuhhoi Hisoru Darvoz va Zarafshon, inchu­nin janubu garbi Tojikistonro dar bar megirad. Pistazori farokh dar janubi respublika (qarib 100 hazor ga) joygir shudaast. Anchiru anorzori tabii va shulashzor holo dar nishe­bihoi garbi va janubi qatorkuhi Darvoz boqi mondaast. Jangalzori garmserro chun charogoh istifoda mebarand.