Muhojirati azimi khalqho

Nomi shartii muhojirati umumii etniki dar Evropa (asrhoi 4-7),khususan az muhofizathoi imperiyai Rim ba markazi on. Hujumi qabilahoi germaniho, sarmatho va gayraho ba Rim, ki dar asrhoi 1m. dar nohiyahoi atrofi imperiyai Rim maskan girifta budand, okhiri asri 4 baro mamlakat fojiai kalon gardid. Ba on taraqqiyoti munosibathoi ijtimoi dar dokhili qabilahoi bar bari (parokandashavii sokhti avlodi va sarshavii prosessi tashakkul yoftani jamiyati sinfi) va sharoiti vaznini dokhili imperiyai Rim sabab shudand. In du omil dar asrhoi 4-7 prosessi muhojirati khalqhoro khele tezond. Muhojirati gunnho ba Garb baroi Muhojirati azimi khalqho takoni nave gardid: onho taqriban soli 370 az Volga guzashtand va bo alanho ba gothoi sohili shimoli bahri Siyoh (375) hamla ovardand. Tiramohi 376 yak qismi vestgothoe, ki az tarafi gunnho tang karda shudand, dar hududi imperiyai (janubi Dunay) maskan giriftand. Az tarafi mansabdoron mahdud karda shudani huquqhoi vestgotho soli 377 boisi sar zadani shurish gasht, ki ba on gulomoni gureza, dehqoton va korgaroni koni Frakiya hamroh shudand; 9 avgusti 378 shurishgaron qushuni Rimro dar nazdi Adrianopol purra torumor kardand. Hujumi gotho, alanho va gunnho ba imperiya bozdoshta shud va armiyai Rim az hisobi barbariho afzud. Az okhiri asri 4 hujumi barabriho boz sar shuda, zimistoni 394-395 gunnho ba Suriya va Kappadokiya hujum ovardand. Vestgotho bo sardorii Alarikhi I yunonro gorat karda, dar Illirik joygir shudaast. 24 avgusti 410 onho Rimro istilo va talavu toroj namudand. Harchand gotho 27 avgusti hamon sol az Rim raftand, vale zavoli Rim ahamiyati kaloni manavi dosht. Qabilahoi germaniho asri 5 ba tamomi hududi Imperiyai Garbii Rim pahn shuda, dar on jo yakchand shohii barbarihoro tashkil namudand: shohii vestgotho dar janubu harbii Galliya (markazash Tuluza), vandalho dar Afrikai Shimoli (429-439), ostgotho dar Italiya (493), frankho dar Galliyai Shimoli, burgundho dar janubu sharqii Galiya (markazash Lion, taqriban 457); anglho, saksho, yutho miyonai asri 5 ba zabti Britaniya shuru karda, asrhoi 6-7 dar in jo yak qator shohii khudro asos guzoshtand. Gunnho avvali asri 5 dar Dunai Miyona jrygir shuda, dar davrai hukumronii Attila (434-453) kushish namudand, ki Galliya va Italiyaro zabt kunand, vale dar dashti Katalaun torumor gashtand (451) va ittifoqi onho barham khurd. Dar ahdi Yustiniani I Imperiyai Rim (Vizantiya) az barbariho Afrikai Shimoli, Italiya, yak qismi Ispaniyaro bargardonda girift va dar on jo tartiboti Rimro qisman jori namud. Muhojirati azimi khalqho    dar asrhoi 6-7 poyon yoft. Soli 568 lingobardho dar italiyai Shimoli va Miyona mustahkam shudand. Slavyanho, ki onhoro bazan avarho va khalqhoi ba bulgorho nazdik himoya mekardand, dar nimjazira Balkan jrygir shudan giriftand; asri 7 qarib dar hamai nimjaziraho qabilahoi slavyani maskan girifta, knyazii khud Slavyaniya (dar Peloponnes, Maqduniya) , Ittifoqi haft qabilai slavyani, davlvti slavyanu bulgorro tashkil dodand; qismi slavyanho dar hududi imperiyai Vizantiya (Osiyoi Khurd) maskun shudand. Muhojirati azimi khalqho   oqibathoi ijtimoiyu iqtisodi va siyosii kalon dosht. Vay boisi tanazzuli soti gulomdori va shikasti sistemai davlatdorii Rim (dar Imperiyai Garbii Rim) gardid. Dar qismi ziyodi shimoli bahri Miyonazamin zamindorii ozod jori gasht, istehsoloti mayda mulkhoi kaloni zamindoronro tang karda barovarda, boisi poydor shudanisokhti feodali gardid.  Muhojirati azimi khalqho  inchunin dar tashakkuli khalqhoi romaniyu germani va slavyanho roli kalon bozid. Dar ilmi tarikhshinosii soveti aqidae hast, ki muvofiqi on tasiri baynihamdigarii qabilahoi romaniyu germani va inchunin vizantiyu slavyani manbai tashakkuli munosibathoi navi jamiyati gardidaast.

Ad.: Udaltsova Z. V., Italiya i Vizantiya v VI  v., 1959.