Mutod

Mutod (odatkarda;, akklimatizatsiya (az lotini ad— ba, baroi va yun. klima — iqlim), ba sharoiti nav mutobiqshavii organizmho. Mukhtod odatan hangomi tagyiroti fiziologii morfologii organizm ba vujud meoyad. Tagyiroti fiziologi (digargunshavii mubodilai modda) dar daruni orga­nizm az tasiri sharoithoi tagyiryoftai muhiti beruni (rushnoi, kharo- rat, namii havo, rejimi khurok va gayra) cap mezanad va az nasl ba nasl nameguzarad. Tagyiroti mor­fologii (digargunshavii sokhti genetikii kheli biologi) organizm az tasiri intikhobi tabii ba amal omada, az nasl ba nasl meguzarad. Mutod tabii (hangomi kuchi hayvonotho tasodufan az yak joy ba joi digar burdani rastaniho yo tukhmi onho az tarafi odam, hayvonho va shamol) va suni (hangomi introduksiya), meshavad. Mutod rastaniho hama vaqt areali onhoro vase menamoyad. Masalan, bo rohi introduksiyai rastaniho dar fitosenozi Tojikiston bulut, zarang, ahr, guli tovus, loladarakht va gayra odat kardand. Hangomi Mutodi rastanihoi foidabakhsh usulhoi gunoguni agrotekhniki ahamiyatn kalon dorand. Dar ITTIHODI ShURAVI oid ba Mutodi rastaniho dar boghoi botaniki, niholkhonahoi introduksiovi va muassisahoi tadqiqoti ilmi (dar Tojikiston bogghoi botanikii Dushanbe, Leninobod va Pomir) tajrihoi ilmi meguzaronand. Hangomi Mutodi hayvonho dar barobari omilhoi digari muhiti be­runi raqobat dar justujui khurok, panohgohho, joyhoi naslguzori va gayra ahamiyati kalon dorand. Dar tajribai khojagi Mutod bo joydigarkunii sunii hayvonhoi foidanoki vahshi va khojagii qishloq aloqa dorad. Dar vaq- ti Mutodi hayvonhoi khojagii qishloq  usulhoi gunoguni zootekhniki ahamiyati kalon dorand. Dar ITTIHODI ShURAVI Mutodi hayvonho dar mamnugohho, fermahoi hayvonot parvari, quruqho (zakaznikho) ba amal barovarda meshavad. Dar Tojikiston Mutodii hayvonho bo du roh guzaronida meshavad: bo namudhoi nav boygardonii faunai shikoriyu sanoati va nigohdoriyu ziyodkunni miqdori hayvonhoi nodir va nestshudaistoda. Dar in sohaho Iniversiteti zoolo­giya va parazitologiyai AF RSS Tojikiston va mamnugohoi Romitu Beshai palangon kordon samarabakhsh mebarand. Mutodi odam prosessi mutobiqshavii faoli (adaptatsiyai) organizm ba iqlimi mutagayir meboshad. Hangomi Mutod nakhustin muvozinati harakatkunii organizm, ki dar joi zisti doimi shakl giriftaast, tagyir yofta, ohista ba muvozinati nav tabdil meyobad. Dar in holat reaksiyai Mutod bo mekhanizmhoi reflektori va neyrogumorali ba tanzim da­rovarda meshavad. Dar odamoni so­lim ivaz shudani iqlim beshtar ba organizm asar mekuvad. Ad.: Akklimatizasiya jivotnikh vITTIHODI ShURAVI, Alma-Ata, 1963; Abdusalyamov I. A.. D a v i d o v  G. S. (va digaron), Redkie i ischezayushie jivotnie Tadji­kistana, D., 1976.