MUSTAMLIKAHO VA SIESATI MUSTAMLIKADORY

MUSTAMLIKAHO VA SIESATI MUSTAMLIKADORY,     mustamlikaho dar zamoni kapitalizm — mamlakat va terrptoriyahoe, ki asiri siyosi, iqtisodi, ideologi va madanin sinfkhoi istismorgari digar mamlakatho (motropoliyaho) meboshand. Siyosati mustamlikadori siyosatest, ki mamlakathoi susttaraqqikarda bo yorii chorahoi majburii harbiyu siyosi va iqtisodii mamlakathoi muqtadiri kapitalisti berahmona istismor karda

meshavand. Mustamlikaho chun hodisai muayyani konkretiyu tarikhi baroi hamai formasiyahoi jamiyatiyu iqtisodii antagonisti khos ast. Mustamlikaho shaklhoi gunogun va jihathoi khos dorad. Dar davrai gulomdori ba tavri zuri gulom gardondani aholii in yo on territoriya yak nav mustamlikadorist. Dar davrai feodalizm mustamlikadori dar shakli ekspedisiyahoi torojkunanda, ki baroi istiloi territoriyaho tashkil meshudand, zuhur meyoft. Masalan, Ispaniya va Portugaliya dar qitai Amerika sarzamin ziyodero zeri tasarrufi khud darovarda, sokhti mutlaqiyati feodaliro barpo namudand. Dar rafti ustuvorshavii tadrijii munosioathoi kapitalisti va bartaraf gardidani parokandagii khojagi prosessi tashakkuli millatho cap meshavad. Paydoishi kapitalizm dar yak qator mamlakathoi jahon ba tashkil yoftani dav-lathoi milli sabab shud. Davlathoi milli dar dasti burjuaziya omile bud, ki yak millatro ba millati digar tobe menamud. Ba qadri taraqqii kapitalizm Mustamlikaho vusat meyobad. Dar natija aksariyati mamlakathoi Osiyo va Afrika az huquqi istiqloliyati milli mahrum gardida, ba mustamlika mubaddal meshavand. Dar davrai imperializm jahon dar bayni yak gurukh davlathoi burjuazi taqsim shud. Bisyor mamlakatu khalqho va qitahoi tomi jahon ba changoli mustamlikadoron aftodand. Imperializm ba qadri inkishofi khud tamomi millathoi khurdro mute gardonda, sohahoi muhimi khojagiro ba dast girift. Burjuaziya mustamlikahoro hamchun manbai ilo-vagii ashyoi khom, bozori mahsuloti sanoati istifoda mebarad. Burjuaziya az mustamlikaho sarvati farovone ba dast meorad, ki baroi qone namudani talaboti ruzafzuni sanoat va inkishofi bosurati kapitalizm peshbini shudaast. Mustamlikadoron az tarzi raqobati iqtisodi va bedor shudani shuuri sinfii mehnatkashon ba taraqqiyoti mutadili iqtisodii mustamlikaho khalal merasonand. Onho hukmronii feodalon va munosibathoi patriarkhaliyu feodaliro dar sohai iqtisodiyot hamchun takyagokhi ijtimoii khud faolona dastgiri mekunand. Ideologhoi burjuazi hama vaqt siyosati mus-tamlikadoriro hifz namuda, kushish menamoyand. ki onro ba sharoiti hozira muvofiq kunand. Onho aqidai gayriilmii bartarii yak najodro (oli) nisbat ba khalqhoi digar (past) oshkoro targib mekunand. Hozir ideologhoi dini niz dar mamlakathoi sarmoya mustamlikadoriro bo har rohu vosita haq barovardani meshavand. Ideologhoi burjuazi holo ham bar ziddi sohibikhtiyorii khalqhoi Osiyo va Afrika mebaroyand. Galabai Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sotsialistii Oktyabr ba buhroni sistemai mustamlikadori va tanazzuli sokhti kapitalisti ibtido guzosht. Dar tarikhi insoniyat davrai nav — sarnagunshavii imperializm, boloravii harakathoi milliyu ozodikhohonai khalqhoi Sharq va shikastai mustamlikadori cap shud. Revolyutsiyai Oktyabr avvalin bor muborizai  proletariatro bar ziddi kapitalizm bo muborizai khalqhoi mazlum ; baroi sarnagun kardani zulmi milliyu mustamlikavi ba ham payvast.

Agar mustamlikaho soli 1917 65% territoriyai jahon va 990 million aholiro tashkil dodand, pas dar soli 1975 territoriyai on ba 1,4%, aholiash to 12 million kam shud. Davlati Soveti baroi khalqhoi  mazlumi jahon madadgor va tarafdori manaviyu siyosi gardid. Masalan, ba  tufayli Revolyutsiyai Oktyabr va kumaki hamatarafai khalqi kabiri rus respublikahoi Osiyoi Miyona dar yak I muddati kutohi tarikhi az aqibmonii chandinasra ba nashunamoi harjonibai iqtisodiyu siyosi va madani  noil gashtand. Jangi duyumi jahoni marhilai navi muborizai millii ozodikhohonaro ba miyon ovard. Jang bisyor mamlakathoi mustamlikaviro ba girdobi khud kashid va bazei onhoro (mamlakathoi Osiyo, Afrikai Shimoli va gayra) ba maydoni amaliyoti jang tabdil dod. Talaboti iqtisodiyoti harbi davlathoi imperialistiro majbur namud, kv bar  khilofi khoqishashon, baze sohahoi sanoatro dar mustamlikai khud taraqqi dihand. In hol boisi afzoishi safhoi proletariati mahalli, baland shudani shuuri siyosi va mutashakkilii omma gardid.

Galabai Ittifoqi Soveti bar Germaniyai fashisti va Yaponiyai militaristi va paydo shudani mamlakathoi demokratii khalqi baroi  tartibi navi mavqei quvvaho dar arsai baynalkhalqi, inkishofi harakathoi milliyu ozodikhohi sharoiti musoid faroham ovard. Assambleyai Generalii Tashkiloti Davlathoi  Muttadida (TDM) soli 1960 bo tashabbuesi Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti SSSR Deklarasiyai ba mamlakatho va khalqhoi mustamlikavi dodani istiqloliyatro qabul kard. Dar qarori Komiteti Markazii Pratiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS az 31 yanvari 1977 «Dar borai 60-solagii Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sotsialistii Oktyabr» takid shudaast, ki «Dar zeri fishori purzuri harakati milli— ozodikhohi sistemai mustamlikadorii imperializm kharobu vayron shud. Dahho davlati navi mustaqil ba vuchud omadand. Roli onkho dar taraqqiyoti jahon meafaoyad». Dar nimai duyumi solhoi 70 va avvali 80-um khalqhoi Angola, Mozambik, Jazirahoi Dimogai Sabz, Zimbabve va bisyor mamlakathoi digar dar muborizai shadid istiqloliyati milli ba dast ovardand. Ammo dar in qita muhoribahoi shadid holo ham davom dorand. Dar Afrikai Janubi, Namibiya va gayra quvvahoi najodparast va irtijoni imperialisti

sokhti mustamlikaviro nigokh doshta istodaand. Boloravii muborizaa khalqhoi Afrika baroi istiqloliyati ijtimoiyu milli daleli on ast, ki mustamlikadori ruzhoi okhirini khudro az cap guzaronda istodaast. Bo vujudi on aksariyati mamlakathoe, ki istiqloliyati siyosiyu milli ba dast ovardand, to hol az muteii iqtisodiyu khojagii kapitalisti komilan khalos nashudaand. Davlathoi imperialisti dar bayni khalhdo otashi nizou adovati milli va qabilavi afrukhta, yagonagii harakathoi milliyu ozodikhohi va korgarii jahoniro barham dodani meshavand.

Mohiyati siyosati mustamlikadorii hozira antikommunizm meboshad. «Dar on ideologiyam imperialisti bo ideologiyai unsuroni feodali, imperializmparast va guruhhoi reaksionii burjuaziyai mamlakathoe, ki az yugi mustamlikavi ozod shudaand, bo ham payvast meshavand» (Programmai Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS, Dushanbe, 1979, sahifai 53). Tajribai tarikh nishon medihad, ki khalqhoi mazlum istikloliyati siyosiyu ijtimoi va milliyu madaniro tanho ba vositai muborizai oshkoroi oshtinopazir ba dast ovarda metavonand, zero mustamlikadoron mavqehoi khudro hej goh ikhtiyoran az dast namedihand. Rohhoi muboriza gunogunand, ammo mohiyati onho yak, yane nest kardann zulmi mustamlikadori, tamini is-tiqloliyati ijtimoiyu millii khalqhoi mazlum va gayra meboshad.

Siyosati mustamlikadorii hozira buhroni chuquri iqtisodiyu siyosiro az cap meguzaronand. Tanho dar solhoi 50—70 ziyoda az 50 mamlakati Osiyo, Afrika va Amerikai Lotini yugi mustamlikaviro pora namuda, muborizaro dar rohi tamoman barham dodani Mustamlikaho purzur namudand. Inqirozi sistemai mustamlikadorii imperializm boisi yakbora barham khurdani mustamlikadori namegardad. Dar aksar mamlakathoi ozodshuda imperialiston mavqehoi kaloni iqtisodiro dar dasti khud nigoh medorand. Onho «… az hamai vositaho (janghoi mustamlikavi, blokhoi harbi, zabonyakkuniho, terror, amaliyoti vayronkori, fishori iqtisodi, bo rohi rishva kharidagiri) istifoda mekunand, ki mamlakathoi ozodshudaro dar zeri hukumronii khud nigoh dorand, istiqloliyati ba dastovardai onhoro ba yak chizi ruyaki tabdil dihand yo in mamlakathoro az istiqloliyat mahrum sozand» (Programmai Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS, Dushanbe, 1979, sahifai 45). Takyagohi asosii mustamlikadorii hozira imperializmi Shtathoi Muttahidai Amerika meboshad. Davlathoi kaloni kapitalisti, az qabili Britaniyai Kabir, Fransiya, Ispaniya, Portugaliya siyosati mustamlikaviro dastgiri mekunand. Mustamlikadori khud juzi siyosati imperialistist. Shiori irtijoii «chudo kunu hukm ki mamlakathoi mutaraqqii imperialisti targib menamoyand, tasdiqi in fikr ast.

Dar soldoi okhir dar hayoti mamlakathoe, ki az zulmi mustamlikavi ozod gashtaand, digargunihoi jiddi ba vujud omadand. Az in jost, ki «mustahkam shudani istiqloliyati mamlakathoi ozodshuda ba imperialiston nameforad. Onho in mamlakathoro bo hazor hilayu nayrang tobei khud gardondani meshavand, to ki sarvathoi tabii onhoro ozodtar ikhtiyordori kunand, territoriyahoi onhoro ba maqsadhoi strategii khud istifoda barand»     (Materialhoi sezdi 26 Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS, Dushanbe, 1981, sahifai 15).

Ad.: Marks Karl i Engels Fridrikh. Nemeskaya ideologiya, Sochinenie, tom. 3; L e n i n Vladimir Ilich, Revolyutsiyai sotsialisti va huquqi khudmuayyankunii millatho, Asarho, childi-22; kh a m o n m u a l l i f, Dar borai huquqi khudmuayyankunii millatho, Asarho, jildi 20; khamon muallif, Tezisho oid ba masalai milli, Asarho., jildi 19; khamon muallif, Musavvadai avvalai tezisho oid ba masalahoi milli va mustamlinavi, Asarho, jildi 31; Programmai Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS. Dushanbe 1970; Materialkhoi sezdi XXVI Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS, Dushanbe, 1981; Modrjinskaya E. D, Raspad kolonialnoy sistemi i ideologiya impefializma, Moskva. 1966.         N. Salimov.