MUShFIQI

MUShFIQI (takhallus; nomash Abdurrahmon; 1525, Bukhoro — 1588, hamon jo), shoiri tojik. Padari u az Marv budaast, binobar on bo nisbai «Marvi» niz yod meshavad. Mushfiqi dar khurdsoli az padar yatim monda, dar khizmati yak hunarmandi bukhoroi davrai maktabkhoniashro ba okhir rasond. Sipas, madrasaro tamom kard. Mushfiqi dar davrai tahsili Madrasa ba shergui pardokhta, sanati sher va digar ilmhoi asosii zamonashro az khud namud. Soli 1564 Mushfiqi ba Samarqand rafta, muddate, on jo zindagi kard va hamchun shoir mashhur shud. Sulton Said uro kitobdori khud tain namud. Vale shoir dar ruzgori khud behbudie nadid. Soli 1577 ba Hindustan safar karda, 1578 ba Bukhoro bargasht va dar darbori Abdullohkhon ba unvoni malikushshuaroi sohib shud. «Devoni mugon bot»-i Mushfiqi (1557—58) az masnavi, qasida, tarcheband, mustazod, ruboyi qita iborat buda, 1500 bayt va yak miqdor talifoti nasriro dar bar megirad. Dar on ba juz sheri «Taqsimi meros», ki dar on beadolati va nobarobarii ijtimoi maskharaomez tasvir yoftaast, digar hajvi ichtimoi ba nazar namerasad. Sababi dar bayni aholi zud pahn gardidani sherhoi hachvii Mushfiqi on ast, ki dar onho unsurhoi realizmi ibtidoii adabiyoti shahrii davrai feodali mavchud buda, shoir az zaboni zindai khalq farovon istifoda burdaast. Az in jikhat mutoiboti Mushfiqi yake az zuhuroti musbati inkishofi adabiyoti asri 16 ba shumor meravad. Du devani gazaliyoti Mushfiqi (1565—66, 1577—78) az 4100 bayt iboratand. Mushfiqi dar tarikhi adabiyoti tojik az ustodoni buzurgi gazal hisob meshavad. Ananahoi klassikoni fors-tochikro davom doda, dar Fazal soddagii zabon va mazmuni ravshanu ommafahmro nigoh doshtaast. Mushfiqi bisyor qasidahoi madhi navishtaast, ki qisme aa onho baroi omukhtani tarikhi asri 16 khalqhoi Osiyoi Miyona hamchun sarchashmai tarikhi khizmat mekunand. Mushfiqi dar qasidahoyash tamomi talaboti in nav sherro rioya kardaast. Mushfiqi muallifi se masnavi — «Soqinoma», «Gulzori Iram» (1571), «Jahonnamo» meboshad. Dar shakli qita va ruboi yak qator «tarikh»-hoi qobili tavajjuhe dorad, ki dar onho sanahoi lashkarkashi va muhoribahoi muhim, vafoti shakhsoni tarikhi, az takht faromadan va yo ba takht nishastani yagon shoh, solhoi itmomi binohoi mashhur va osori memorii asri16 inikos yoftaand. In qismati ejodiyoti shoir baroi omukhtani tarikhi asri 16 Osiyoi Miyona va khususan tarikhi memori ahamiyatn muayyane dorad. Mushfiqi ikhtirokori musammati musallas meboshad, ki  ki har bandn on az se misra iborat ast. Navi manzumae, ki har bandi on shash misra doshta, misrai shashumi har band doroi qofiyai dokhili va vazni makhsus ast, niz az ikhtirooti ust.

Osnovanie.: Muntakhabot, Stalinobod, 1968.

Adabiyot: A kh r o r i 3., Mushfiqi, Dushanbe, 1979.

T. Nematzoda.