MURUD

MURUD, murud, nok, anjirak (Pyrus tadshikistanica), darakhtest az oilai nastaraniho. Balandiash 15—20 metr, dia­metri tanaash 35 —40 santimetr; dar mahaldoi garmser odatan darakhti pastqadi pattamonand, balandiash 2—4 metr, diametri tanaash 10—15 santimetr. Pustlokhi tanai kuhnaash khokistarrang, shokhchahoi yaksolaash qahvarangi surkhtob, bargash mudavvar  yo  tukhmshakli oda­tan durushtu charmgun (daroziash 6—7 santimetr); barghoi Murude, ki dar joyhoi beob meruyad, maydatar (2,5—2,8 santimetr), khushagulash 5—6-gula, mevaash mudavvar yo darozruya (badi pukhtan zard yo kame sabztob), tamash nordon yo kame talkhmaza (mevai darakhti khudruy), tukhmash kalon (0,7—0,8 santimetr), siyohi jilodor (dar yak dona meva 3—4 tukhm). Aprel— may gul karda, sentyabr— oktyabr mevaash mepazad. Murudi khudruy faqat dar Pomiru Oloy va Tiyonshoni Garbi meruyad. Dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston, (qatorkuhhoi Hisoru Darvoz va nohiyahoi Tojikistoni Janubi) asosan dar mintaqai beshazori pahnbarg va shiblak (1400—1600 metr az sohili bahr) mesabzad. Niholi Muridi khasakro asosan baroi payvand istifoda mebarand. Bisyor navhoi mamuli nok va Murudi mazruro dar natijaiiba Murudi khudruy payvand kardani navhoi gunoguni noku Murid ba vujud ovardand. Makhsusan navhoi «Amrud», «Zarmurud”. «Tarmurud*, «Takmurud», «Safedmurud» va gayra mashhurand. Ba­roi ba vujud ovardani navhoi mashhuri «Nok» va «Dilafruz», «Noshpoti» va gayra Murudro viz istifoda kardaand. Odatan namudhoi khudrui nok va yak qator navhoi bogii onro iz «Murud» menomand.

Adabiyot: Flora Tadjikskoy Sovetskiy Sosialisticheskoy Respubliki, tom 4, Leningrad, 1975; Zapryagaeva V. I., Lesnie resursi Pamira-Alaya, Leningrad, 1976.

A. A. Ashurov.