MUQARNAS

MUQARNAS (arabi purnaqshu nigor), navi naqshest, ki asosan baroi oroishi kosai gunbaz va kallamuqarnas (boshai sutun) istifoda meshavad. Khosi memorii Osiyoi Miyona va Sharq buda, dar asrhoi 7—8 paydo shudaast. Davrai avji inkishof va mavqe giriftani on ba asrhoi 15—17 rost meoyad. Muqarnas vobasta ba mavridi istifoda khele murakkab meshavad. Agar naqsh dar atrofi yak markaz basta shavad, onro kallamuqarnas menomand (beshtar dar oroishi sutun). On bo chunin usul tartib doda meshavad: miqdori muayyani gulacha seruya taroshida shuda, dar yak ruyash naqshi mehrobi mekanand va in juzro «qoshuq» menomand. In «qoshuq»-ho muvofiqi naqshai peshaki bo tartibi muayyan dar chand qator (3—5 va ziyoda) chida meshavand. Kallamuqarnasi hosilgashta ba sari sutun mustahkam karda meshavad. Muqarnasro inchunin dar oroishi pushishi nimgunbazii mehrob tahmon yo ravoqhoi asosashon 4,6, 8-qira istifoda mebarand. Dar in jo ham kompozitsiyai umumi ba porchahoi barobar (8, 10, 12, 16 va gayra) taqsim shuda, porchai avval hamchun namuna kabul shuda, porchahoi digar takrori daqiqi hamin nuskha meboshand (az ham hej farq namekunand). Muqarnas dar naqshunigor va amali kandakorii (gaj, sang, chub) ustodon Bukhoro, Samarkand, Shahrisabz, Uroteppa, Isfara va gayra khele rasm shuda bud. Na-munadhoi nodiri Muqarnas dar madrasahoi Miri Arab, Abdulazizkhon (Bukhoro); Madrasai Ulugbek, Guri Mir, ansambli Shohi Zinda (Samarkand); masjidi Shaykh Muslihuddin (Leninobod), masjidhoi Isfara, Uroteppa va gayra vomekhurand. M. Ruziev.