MUDOFIAI GRAJDANI

MUDOFIAI GRAJDANI, sistemai chorabinihoi mudofiavii umumidavlatie, ki dar zamoni osoishta va davrai jang bo maqsadi az hujumi ehtimolii dushman muhofizat kardani aholi va tamini mutadili kori khonagii khalq ba amal barovarda meshavad. Tatbiqi chorabiniho oid ba muhofizati aholi va khojagii khalq hanuz dar davrai Jangi yakumi jahoni (1914—18) ogoz yoftaast. In guna chorabiniho hangomi zarbai havoii dushman dar tamomi terr-i baze davlathoi jangkunanda (mas., Angliya) dar Jangi duyumi jahoni (1939—45) roli muhim bozidand. Dar solhoi 50—60 asri 20 dar bisyor davlathoi kalontarin badi paydo shudanu afzudani miqdori yaroqi yadroi va raketaho, beshtar afzudani khavfi zarai aviasiya va digar vositahoi muborizai yaroqnok Mudofiai grajdani tashkil karda shud. Baroi bevosita ba Mudofiai grajdani rohbari namudan organhoi makhsusi idorakuni tasis gardidand, ki ba vositai onho quvvayu eakhirahoi zaruri, az hisobi

Pisari suratgari mashhur Haydarali. Aslan az Turbat. Dar Hirot tarbiya yofta, umr ba cap burdaast. M. M. az maktabi Kamoluddini Behzod va Rustamalii Naqqosh bahravar shudaast. Dar tasviri manzara va minyotur Behzodro payravi mekard. Muraqqae niz sokhta, ba u bakhshida ast. Dar sanati khattoti (nastaliq) sohibhunari zamon bud, chandin devonhoi Sadi, Hofiz, Kamolro kitobat kardaast. Qabrash dar oromgohi Shohzoda Husayni Qazvini. Yak nuskhai «Khamsa»-i Nizomi az tazyinot va oroshii ust, ki dar Muzei Britaniya mahfuz ast. Az musavvarahoi «Majnun dar biyobon», «Tasviri chashma», «Tasviri chupon», «Naynavoz» va g. barmeoyad, ki M. M. uslubi khos va zavqi baland doshtaast.

A. Rajabov.