MUBODILAI MODDAHO

MUBODILAI MODDAHO metabolizm, tartibi muntazami tabadduloti moddaho va energiyaro guyand, ki mavjudiyat va az nav barqaror shudani tabiati zindaro tamin menamoyad. Mubodilai moddaho nishonai muhimtarin va hatmii hayot ast. Vay inchunin majmui hamai reaksiyahoi khimiyavi dar organizm meboshad. Ba aqidai F. Engels khususiyati muhimtarini hayot mubodilai muntazami moddaho bo muhiti atrof meboshad, ki qat gardidani on boisi ba okhir rasidani hayot megardad. Az muhiti beruna muntazam ba organizm dokhil shudani moddahoi organiki va gayriorganiki va az organizm khorij shudani mahsuloti tajziyai onho — in ast mohiyati Mubodilai moddaho Mubodilai moddaho ba sharoiti zindagi, khususiyathoi irsi, sinnu sol, jins, vazi fiziologi va g. vobasta buda, dar har yak nav organizm shakli khose dorad. Rushdu kamol, afzoishu mahsulnokii organizmho ba murattabii Mubodilai moddaho vobasta ast.

Asosi Mubodilai moddahoro du nav reaksiyahoi fermentativi tashkil medihand: 1) reaksiyahoe, ki sintezi moddahoi hujayra, az tarafi khujayraho az khud karda shudani moddahoi az muhiti beruna ba organizm dokhilshavanda, az moddahoi sodda hosil shudani moddahoi murakkabro tamin menamoyand. In reaksiya assimilyasiya nom doshta, hangomi jarayoni on energiya sarf meshavad; 2) reaksiyahoe, ki moddahoi az muhiti beruna ba organizm dokhilshudaro tajziya mekunand. In prosess dissimilyasiya nom dorad. Energiyae, ki hangomi tajziyai moddahoi gizoi judo meshavad, baroi nigoh doshtani harorati badan, prosesshoi sintezi moddaho, kashishkhurii mushakho, ba vujud ovardani impulshoi asab, dar meyori muayyan nigoh doshtani darajai konsentrasiyai ioni dar dokhilu beruni hujayra, prosesshoi ikhroju jabbish va digar omilhoi faoliyati hayoti istifoda meshavad.

Ba tufayli Mubodilai moddaho dar organizmi zinda moddahoi gizoi ba moddahoi baroi faoliyati hayotii organizm zarur tabdil meyoband va organizm onhoro chun materiali bunyodi qismhoi tarkibii badan (bofta, mushak, khun va g.) va manbai energiya istifoda mebarad. Ishtiroki payvasthoi gunogun dar Mubodilai moddaho yak khel nest. Mas., safeda chun ashyoi chandir istifoda meshavad; angishtobu charbuho boshand, manbai energiyaand (az 40 to 80%. energiyaro medihand). Dar tabadduloti modda dar organizm vitaminov, ob va payvasthoi minerali maqomi kalon dorand. Vitaminho dar beshtarin reaksiyahoi fermentativi ishtirok mekunand. Gosplan vitamini A ba tarkibi pigmenti bosira dokhil meshavad. Dar mubodilai minerali Na, K, Sa, R inchunin mikroelementu va digar moddahoi gayriorganiki roli muhim mebozand. Hangomi prosesshoi znergetnkii Mubodilai moddaho boshad, efirhoi kislotai fosfat (makhsusan kislotahoi adenozinfosfat) roli halkunanda dorand (nig. niz Bioenergetika).

Ba tufayli on ki dar prosessi faoliyati hayoti Mubodilai moddaho tagyir yofta meistad, organizmho ba sharoiti digargunshudai hayot mutobiq meshavand. Hangomi tagyiryobii sharoit yak qator mekhanizmhoe, ki Mubodilai moddahoro ba samti baroi organizm zarur ravona mesozand, ba kor medaroyand. Mubodilai moddaho dar boftaho dar natijai ba holati muvozinati dinamikii reaksiyahoi fermentativi tasir namudan ba tanzim medaroyand. Tanzimi prosesshoi mubodilavi boshad, az rui prinsipi khudtanzimkuni az hisobi tagyiroti miqdori moddahoi gunogun dar on ba vujud meoyad. Dar mubodilai hujayravii moddaho membranai biologii safedaviyu lipidi, ki hujayraro ihota mekunand, roli muhim mebozand. Ba hujayra dokhil va az on berun shudani moddahoi gunogun ba vositai in membranaho ba tanzim darovarda meshavand. Shakli olii tanzimi Mubodilai moddaho dar hayvonot va odam tasiroti asabiyu gumorali buda, ba vositai sistemai asabi markazi va negetativi ba amal barovarda meshavad. Vayronshavii Mubodilai moddaho hangomi jarayoni har yak bemori mushohida meshavad. Alomathoi zohirii on inhoyand: kam yo barziyod zakhirashavii moddahoe, ki dar Mubodilai moddaho ishtirok mekunand; tagyiryobii tasiri mutaqobil va kharakteri tabadduloti onho; zakhirashavii mahsuloti mobaylii Mubodilai moddaho; hosil shudani moddahoe, ki ba mubodilai mutadili moddaho khos nestand. Vayronshavii Mubodilai moddahoro asosan bo rohi bartaraf kardani illathoi asosie, ki onro ba vujud meorand, muolija mekunand.

Dar yak qator maktabhoi oli va laboratoriyai instituthoi tadqiqoti ilmii respublika oid ba masalahoi gunoguni Mubodilai moddaho tadqiqot mebarand. Mas., dar kafedrai biokhimiyai Instituti davlatii tibii Tojikiston faoliyati fermentho va metabolizmi boftaho dar sharoiti adaptasiya, Instituti gastroenterologiyai AF RSS Tojikiston vayronshavii mubodilai charbuyu lipondho dar bemorone, ki giriftori dardi sangi zahradonand, Instituti khojagii qishloqi Tojikiston tasiri mubodilai baze mikroelementho ba baland shudani mahsuliokii hayvonot va g. omukhta meshavand.

Ad.: Ferdman D. L., Biokhimiya, M., 1966; Kretrvich V. L., Osnovi biokhimii rasteniy. M., 1971; Khimiya biologicheski aktivnikh prirodnikh soedineniy, M.,1976.