MUBAD

MUBAD, mubad (dar matnhoi zaboni forsii miyonapahlavi dar shakli mgwpt — magupat vomekhurad va az du juz tarkib yoftaast: mag-myg va pat—sardor, peshvo), ruhoni, olim va donishmandi zardushtiya. Mubadon tabaqai doroi davlati Sosoniyon ba shumor meraftand. Ijroi shartu oinhoi zardushtiya, ba jo ovardani sitoishu niyoish, ovardani qurboniho va g. tahti rohbarii bevositai Mubad anjom meyoft. Mubad inchunin sardori dayri mugon, dar otashkadaho mahfuzdorandai otashi furuzon bud. Vazifai pok doshtani zardushtiya, afzudani shumorai payravoni on, muboriza ba muqobili ikhtilofoti zardushtiyon va mone shudan ba pahnshavii dinhoi digar ba zimmai Mubadon guzoshta shuda bud. Mubadon inchunin qonunguzorii davlati, sud va talimu tarbiyai javononro ba uhda doshtand. Shakhsonero, ki bo talimu tarbiyai javononi zardushti mashgul budand, khirbad (herbad) va sardori in guna shakhsonro «khirbadon khirbad» — khirbadi khirbadon menomidand. Sarvarivu tashkili kori Mubad dar ikhtiyori «Mubadon mubad»— mubadi mubadon bud. Mubadi mubadon dar davlati Sosoniyon yake az muqarraboni shoh ba shumor rafta, iqtidori buzurgi iqtisodi va siyosi dosht, ba korhoi dokhili va khorijii davlat, siyosati on dakholat mekard. Avvalin shohi sosoni — Ardasher bo nomi Tansar (dar shaklhoi Tosar va Tusar niz vomekhurad) mubadi mubadon dosht, ki on chande az Mubadro jam ovarda, kitobi Avesgoro az nav (pas az on ki Iskandari Maqduni yak nuskhai onro suzonida, yaktoi digarashro ba Yunon firistod) tahriru tanzim namud. Mubadi mashhuri davrai hukmronii podshohoni sosonii badi Ardasher Kartir bud. Az u dar mavzehoi Naqshi Rustam, Nandin Rajab, «Kabai zardusht» katibaho (nig. Katibahoi partir) boqi mondaand. Mubadon pas az jori gardidani dini islom niz faoliyati khudro qat nakardand. Dar asarhoi Firdavsi, Rudaki, Unsuri, Farrukhi, Manuchehri va digaron. Mubadon yodovari karda meshavand. Mubadon kholo dar bayni iayravoni imruzai zardushtiya (ioreho), ki dar shtati Gujaroti Hinduston zindagi mekunand, mavjudand. Vazifai onho vobasta ba sharoiti zamon tagyir yoftaast. Kalimai «mubad»-ro onho bo kalimai «dastur» ivaz kardaand. Az bayni dasturon — Mubadhoi imruza olimon va avestoshinosoni mashhur baromadaand.

Ad.: Lukonin V. G., Kultura sasankdskogo Irana. Iran v III—V vv., M., 1969; Fraz R. N., Nasledie Irana, M., 1972.

M. Dilovarov.