MOTOSIKL

MOTOSIKL (az motor va yun. kyklos —doira, charkh), vositai naqliyoti du yo secharkhaest, ki bo muharriki darunsuzi hajmi koriash besh az 49,8 sm3 tajhizonida shudaast. Avvalin Motorollerho ibtidoi asri 19 dar Evropai Garbi sokhta shudaand. Solhoi 1924—32 dar Moskva, Ijevsk va Leningrad namunahoi Motorollerho («Soyuz», IJ-1, IJ-2, IJ-3, IJ-4, IJ-5, NATI-750) sokhta va sanjida shudand. Istehsoli ommavii Motorollerho dar Ittifoqi Soveti az soli 1933 dar Leningrad (modeli L-EOO: hajmi koriash 300 sm, iqtidorash 4,7 kVt) va Ijevsk (modeli IJ-7, ki ba L-E00 monand ast) ogoz yoft.

Skhemai sokhti motosikl: I — dushokhai pesh: 2 — kalidi markazi (kalidi afruzish); 3 — spidometr; 4 — fishangi harakatovari tormozi pesh; 5 — dastaki idorakunii karbyurator; 6 — fishangi judo kardani ilkhohaq; 1 — zarfi suzpshvori; 8 — karbyurator; 9 — amortizatora dushokhai oqib; 10—khomushkunak; 11—dushokhai oqib; 12 — zanjiri tahvili okno; 13—pedali tagyirdihii tahvil; 14—ilkhokan; 15 — zanchiri tahvili pesh; 16— zonunavard; 17—porshen; 18—silindr; 19 — kolodkai tormoz; 20 — gunjak.

Az rui tainot Mototsikl naqliyoti, sporti va makhsus meshavand. Mototsiklhoi naqliyoti ba tufayli khurdii andoza va massaashon layoqati nagz manyovr kardan, guzaroni khub va ososii kor farmudanashon chun vositai naqliyoti shakhsi istifoda meshavand. Mototsiklhoi sporti baroi mashguliyat dar sporti motosiklroni tain shudaand. Mototsiklhoi sporti dar asosi Mototsiklhoi naqliyoti sokhta meshavandu farqashon az onho hamin ki muharrikhoyashon purquvvat buda, sokhti baze uzelu agregathoyashon digarkheltar ast. Ba Mototsiklhoi makhsus Mototsiklhoi patruli, ehtishomi, savdo va g. mansuband.

Mototsikl az yakchand guruhi mekhanizmho (rasm): muharrik, tahvili quvvagi (transmissiya), qisman, sistemai tajhizoti elektri iborat ast. Dar Mototsiklho muharriki karbyuratorin 2 4-taktai bo jarayoni tabliq havo (dar baze modelhoi sporti va Mototsiklhoi naqliyotii layoqati guzaronashon baland bo yorii ob) khunukshavandaro istifoda mebarand. Dar Mototsiklhoi naqliyoti iqtidori litraji muharrikhoi 2-takta 51,5—98,2 kVt/l (70—130 K- a./l), 4-takta — 37—66 kVt l (50— 90 k- a./l), iqtidori Mototsiklhoi sporti 146—220 kVt/l (200—300 k a.l)-ro tashkil medihad. Tahvili quvvagi az ilkhohaq, quttii tahvil, tahvili pesh (motori) va oqib (asosi). Ilkhohaq az muftai yak yo bisyordiska iborat meboshad. Quttii tahvil shesteriyador buda, az 2 to 6 tahvil dorad (dar aksari Mototsiklhoi naqliyoti 4-to). Tahvili pesh (az muharrik ba quttii tahvil) zanjiri, bazan shesteriyador meshavad. Tahvili oqib (az quttii tahvil ba charkhi oqib) niz zanjirist, bazan navardi kardan ham istifoda meshavad. Tajhizoti elektriro manbai energiya (generatorhoi jarayoni tagyiryobanda yo doimi, batareyahoi akkumulyatori), asbobhoi afruzish, fara va signalizasiya (signalhoi gardish, tormozdihi va signalhoi sadoi) tashkil medihand.

Dar Ittifoqi Soveti Mototsiklhoro zavodhoi Minsk (bo muharrikhoi hajmi kornashon 125 sm3), Kovrov (175 sm3), Ijevsk (350 sm3; yak va dusilindra), Kiev va Irbit (650 sm3) istehsol mekunand.

Ad.: Kalinin M. GG.. Motosikl, M., 1979; Chinyaev V. G., Ustroystvo i tekhnicheskoe obslujivanie motosiklon, M„ 1980.