MONOPOLIYaI KAPITALISTI, SOZISh YO ITTIHODIYaI

MONOPOLIYaI KAPITALISTI, SOZISh YO ITTIHODIYaI sohibkoron, ki dar ikhtiyori khud qismi ziyodi istehsolot yo furushi mahsuloti muayyanro jam menamoyand va baroi tain kardani narkhhoi monopoli va giriftani foidai ziyod imkoniyat paydo mekunand. Monopoliyai kapitalisti dar zinai balandi konsentrasiyai istehsolot va kapital ba amal meoyand, dar iqtisodiyot va siyosati mamlakathoi kapitalisti dar marhalai imperializm roli muhim mebozand. Shaklhoi asosii Monopoliyai kapitalisti kartel, sindikat, trest va konsert ba shumor meravad. Monopoliyai kapitalisti dar mamlakathoi taraqqikardai kapitalisti az on jumla dar Rossiya, dar nimai duyumi asri 19 paydo shudand. Shaklhoi odditarini onho korner, ring, konvensiya (shartnomahoi kutokhmuhlati kapitalisti) buda, beshtar dar muomilot, baroi yakjoya kharidani mol va az nav bo narkhhoi baland furukhtani on amal mekunand. Monopoliyai kapitalisti khususan badi buhroni solhoi 1900—03 pahn shuda, yake az asoshoi iqtisodiyoti mamlakathoi kapitalisti gardidand, ki in ba imperializm sabzida rasidani kapitalizmro ifoda mekard. Kartelho dar asosi sozishi bayni korkhonahoi kalon, ki mahsuloti yakkhela mebarovardand, tashkil meshudand. Kapitaliston bozorhoi molfurushiro dar bayni khud taqsim karda, andozai istehsoli mol va narkhhoi balandi monopoliro muqarrar mekardand. Soli 1902 dar Rossiya sindikathoi «Prodamet» (30 korkhonai kalon va jamiyathoi aksioneril sanoati metallurgi, ki 74% chuyani Rossiyaro medod), «Truboprodaja» (kharidu furushi quburhoro dar mamlakat purra markazonida ba ikhtiyori khud girift), «Produtol» va soli 1904 «Prodvagon» tashkil yoftand. In sindikatho yakjoya mol furukhta, ashyoi khom mekharidand va ba molho narkhhoi balandi monopoli meguzoshtand. Trestho monopoliyahoe meboshand, ki molikiyati hamai korkhonahoi onho muttahid karda meshavad va sohiboni molikiyat ba sifati sahmdoron az rui mablagi ba kor andokhtaashon foida megirand. Trestho dar navbati khud konsernhoro tashkil medihand, ki onho yak qator korkhonahoi sohahoi gunogunro muttahid mekunand. Dar davrai guzashtan ba imperializm baroi mamlakathoi kapitalistii Evropai Gapbi kartelho va sindikatho, dar ShMA trestu konsernho kharakteri budand. Dar dokhili monopoliyaho va dar bayni onho baroi ruyonidani foidai barziyodi monopoli muborizai shadidi raqobati meravad, ki in hol ba vayron shudani ittihodiyahoi monopoli va ba monopoliyahoi kalon tobe shudani monopoliyahoi khurd ovarda merasonad. Dar arafai Jangi yakumi jahoni dar Rossiya ziyoda az 150 ittihodiyahoi monopolisti amal mekardand. Az jihati konsentrasiyai kapital Rossiya az ShMA pesh guzasht. Solhoi 1912—14 hissai monopoliyaho dar sanoati metallurgi, angishtsang va qandi Rossiya 60— 90%, dar Germaniya 40—70%-ro tashkil mekard. Iqtidori Monopoliyai kapitalisti minbad dar natijai konsentrasiyai istehsolot va kapital meafzoyad, monopoliyahoi sanoati bo monopoliyahoi banki yakjoya meshavand va dar in asos kapitali moliyavi va oligarkhiyai moliyavi ba vujud meoyand. Ba khoricha barovardani kapital ziyod meshavad, taqsimi pqtisodiyu territoriyavii jahon amali gashta, istismori mamlakathoi mustamlika va tobe purzur megardad. Kapitali monopolisti quvvai davlati burjuaziro ba khizmati khud meguzorad, ki bo ishtiroki on kapitalkami davlatiyu monopolisti ba vujud omada taraqqi mekunad. Hukmronii monopoliyaho anarkhiyai istehsoloti kapitalistiro purzur mekunad, muftkhuri va pusishi kapitalizmro boz ham ziyod menamoyad, buhronhoi iqtisodi doimi megardand, dar jamiyati burjuazi muborizai sinfi shiddat megirad. Monopoliyahoi ShMA dar jahon az hama puriqtidortarand. Ba iqtisodiyoti mamlakatho monopoliyahoi avtomobilsozi, metallurgi, neft, khimiyavi va monopoliyahoi elektrotekhnikiyu radioelektroni makhsusan tasiri kalon merasonand. Dar davrai purzur gashtani monopoliyaho darajai balandi umumigardonii istehsolot zaminai obektiviyu iqtisodii revolyutsiyai proletari va digargunsozii ijtimoiro ba vujud meovarad.

Ad.: V. I. Lenin., Imperializm hamchun darajai balandtarini kapitalizm, As., ch. 22; Krupneyshie monopolii mira. Kratkiy spravochnik. M., 1968; Politicheskaya ekonomiya sovremennogo monopolisticheskogo kapitalizma, t. 1, M., 1970; Dragilev M. S., Moyu

N. I., Leninskiy analiz monopolisticheskogo kapitala i sovremennost, M., 1970.