MOMOI

MOMOI, akusheri, qobilagi, yak sodai tibro guyand, ki prosesshoi dar organizmi zan dar davrai homilagi, tavallud va badi tavallud

ruydihandaro meomuzad. Momo ba zanho (dar vaqti homilagi, tavallud va badi tavallud) va kudakon (dar ruzhoi avvali hayoti dokhilibatni va badi tavallud) yorii amalii tibbi merasonad, inchunin zanhoro az homilagi ogoh menamoyad.

Momoguliho yake az sohahoi qadimtarini tibbi amali ba shumor meravad. Malumoti avvalin oid ba baze usulhoi yorii tibbi hangomi dushvorii tavallud hanuz dar papirushoi Ebersi Misri Qadim (hazorahoi 3—2 to m) ovarda shudand. Dar kitobi muqaddasi hinduho «Ayurveda» (asri 8 to m.) masalahoi dietetikai homila va yak qator usulhoi yori hangomi tavallud zikr yoftaaid. Dar inknshofi Momoi olimoni Yunoni Qadim, Rim, Iskandariya va g. sahmi kalon guzoshtaand. Dar peshrafti amalii on boshad, maqomi olimi namoyoni fors-tojik Abualii Sino (asri 10) bagoyat buzurg ast. Aqidahoi u oid ba dar kitobi seyumi «Al-Qonun»-i u bayon gardidaand. On jo dar borai donistani mohiyati prosesshoi fiziologi va patologii organizmi zani homila malumot doda shudaast. Bo in hama Momoi to asri 16 ilmi tajribavi ba shumor meraft. Ravnaqi Momoi chun ilm bo komyobihoi buzurgi anatomiya, fiziologiya va tib aloqamand ast. Jarrohi fransavi Ambru az Pare (1517—90) jarrohii Momoiro, ki kayho faromush shuda bud, ba amaliyai Momoi bargardond.

A. Levre (soli 1751) va V. Smelli (1754) girahoi Momoiro takmil dodand. Dar asrhoi 17—18 dar aksari mamlakathoi evropoi kafedra va klinikahoi akusheri tasis yoftand va talimi muntazami Momoi jori karda shudand. Asosguzori Momoi dar Rossiya N. M. Ambodik Maksimovich (1744—1812) meboshad. Bo tashabbusi u avvalin dasturi rusi oid ba Momoi nashr shud. Akusheromi namoyoni rus A. Ya. Krassovskiy, D. O. Ott, I. P. Lazarevich, V. V. Stroganov va digaron budand. Dar inkishofi ilmi akusherii soveti khizmati professor K. K. Skrobanskiy, G. G. Geyter, M. S. Malinovskiy va digaron khele kalon ast.

Markazhoi asosii Momoi dar SSSR Instituti akusheri va ginekologiyai Vazorati nigahdorii tandurusti (Moskva) va Instituti akusheri va ginekologiyai AIT SSSR (Leningrad) meboshand. Natijahoi tadqiqoti ilmi oid ba Momoi dar jurnali «Akusherstvoi ginekologiya» (tasisash 1936) nashr meshavand.

Dar Tojikiston dar davrai Hokimiyati Soveti ilmi akusheri inkishof yoft. Kafedrai momoi va bemorihoi zanonai fakulteti muolijai Instituti davlatii tibbii Tojikiston (az soli 1941), ki bo tashabbusi V. A. Losiskaya tasis yofta bud, markazi ilmii Momoi gardid. Soli 1959 dar fakulteti pediatriya niz chunin kafedra tasis yoft. Akusheronu ginekologhoi Tojikiston dar inkishofi endokrinologiyai akusheri, omuzishi fiziologiyai khuni zani homila, ichunin halli problemahoi kamkhunii onho va bemorihoi gonetikii khun khizmathoi shoyon kardand. Dar respublika yak qator sezdu konferensiyahoi akusheronu ginekologho guzaronida shudand.

Ad.: Lakhtin M. Yu., Istoricheskiy ocherk razvitiya khirurgicheskoy pomoshi rojenisam, SPB, 1900; Mnogotomnoe rukovodstvo po akusherstvu i ginekologii, t. 1—6, M.. 1961—64. S. X. Khakimova.