MODDAI TARIKh

MODDAI TARIKh ka­lima, ibora, misra yo bayte, ki az on ba hisobi abjad sanai voqeae berun meoyad. Shoiri asri 15 fors-tojik Maktabii Sherozi tarikhi itmomi «Layli va Majnun»-i khudro in tavr bayon kardaast:

Chun Maktabi in kitob bikshud,

Tarikh «kitobi Maktabi» bud.

Moddai tarikh iborai «kitobi Maktabi» meboshad, ki agar qimati harfhoi onro ba hisobi abjad jam kunem, az on sanai dilkhohi muallif, ki solp 895 d. s. (mutobiqi 1489 m.) ast, berun meoyad, yane:

J = 20 + o = 400 +l = l’+ v = 2 + + f = 40+J=20 + ^> = 400 + *-» = = 2 + iS = Yu jam 895. To mamul gardidani abjad va davrahoi avvali on niz dar adabiyoti fors-tojik tarikhgun ma­mul bud, vale beshtar matlabro bo sukhan bayon mekardand. Nizomii Ganjavi tarikhi itmomn «Haft paykar»-ro (14 ramaeoni 593 d. n — = 1197 m.) in tavr zikr kardaast: Az pasi lonsadu navad se bar on guftam in nomaro chu nomvaron.

Ruz bud chordah zi mohi siyom,

Chor soat zi ruz rafta tamom.

Moddai tarikh guftan ba qoidai abjad az jumlai sanathoi sherin adabiyoti fors-tojik buda, chun digar navhoi sanati manaviyu lafzii sher tadrijan ru ba murakkabi ovardaast. Mac., Moddai tarikhi manqut ayomujama on ast, ki tanho az harfhoi nuqtahoi arabi (be, te, se, chim va g.) tarkib meyobad va Moddai tarikhi gayri manquta yo mujmala on, ast ki faqat az harfhoi benuqta (alif, de ro, sin, va g.) ba ham meoyad. Moddai tarikhi muttasil on ast, ki tanho az harfhoi chaspanda (be, lom, mim, nun va g.) tarkib me­yobad va Moddai tarikhi munfasila on, ki faqat az harfhoi dushakla (alif, ro, dol, zol va g.) ba ham meoyad. Gayr az in Moddai tarikhhoe niz hastand, ki dar asosi sanathoi tansif (nisf kardan), tal med, muammo, tarjuma va g. sokhta shudaand. Dar asrhoi okhir Moddai tarihoe duchor meoyand, ki agar soli tavalludi shakhsero ifoda kunand, chize bar on afzudaand, vale vafotro dar bar girand, chize az on kostaand. Porchai manzumero, ki dar zimnash Moddai tarikh meoyad,

Qitai tarikh menomaid. Shoirone hastand, ki ba navishtani qitai tarikh mashhurand, mas.,

Akbari Bukhoroi.

Ad.: Asadulloev S., Oqilov M., Abjad va tarikhho, D., 1972; Atoullo Mahmudi Husayni, Badoe-us-sanoe, D., 1974. U. Toy roh.