MODAGURGI KAPITOLI

MODAGURGI KAPITOLI simoi asotiri dar bayni rimiyoni qadim, ki guyo asosguzoroni rivoyatii sh. Rim ekizakho Romul va Remro az marg najot doda makonida kalon kardaast. Muvofiqi rivoyat, muhofizoni sh. Troyai Osiyoi Khurd bo sardorii Eney — pisari Afrodita va Ankhis badi maglubiyat az dushmanon ba kishtiho savor shuda ba muzofoti Lasiumi Italiya meoyand. Dar in jo pasavlodi Eney va pisari hokimi sh. Albalong Amuliy bo umedi nest kardani vorisoni takht — Romul va Rem, ki az nasli Eney va kudakoni Mars va Reya Silviya budand, ekizakhoro ba daryoi Tibr mepartoyad. Vale kudakon bo yorii makhluqoni obi najot meyoband va onhoro modagurge dar teppahoi Kapitolii sohili daryo parvarish mekunad. Kudakon badi kalon shudan tarikhi khudro az chupone shunida az Amuliy qasos megirand va dar mavzei najot yoftaashon ba shahre asos meguzorand. Minbad dar bayni barodaron nizo paydo shuda, Romul Remro mekushad va ba shahr nomi Rim meguzorad.

Dostoni kornamoihoi saravlodi afsonavii rimiho Eney, ekizakho- Romul va Rem va Modagurgi kapitoli dar asri 3 to m. chun rivoyati rasmii shahriyon qabul shuda, mavzui bisyor asarhoi shoiron, muarrikhon, rassomon va haykaltaroshon gardid. Chunonchi, ba in syujet «Eneida»-i Vergiliy bakhshida shuda bud. Naqshi akizakhoro makonida istodani Modagurgi kapitoli dar gerbi Rim, tangahoi imperiyahoi Rim va Rimi Sharqi brakteatho va medalonhoi Italiya va Vizantiya, ki hangomi hafriyoti Panjakent, Shahriston va Odangaron ba dast omadald, iichunin gemmahoi Eroni davrai Sosoniyon sikka zada shudaand. Ba in mavzu yak qator rassomoni Evropai asrhoi guzashta asarho bakhshidaand.

Vale dar sanati tasvirii jahon yagona asarero, ki tamomi mavzui in dostonro mukammal darbar giriftaast, ishtirokchiyoni Ekspedisiyai ar­kheologii shim. Tojikistoni Instituti tarikhi ba nomi Ahmadi Donishi AF PCS Tojikiston hangomi hafriyoti nas­ri afshinhoi Istaravshan (asrhoi 8—9) az dimnai poytakhti on — sh. Bunjikat (holo dafinahoi Qalai Qahqaha I, 11 va III dar dehai Shahristoni viloyati Leninobod) yoftand. In asari rui devorii daroziash shashmetrai murakkabi bisyorpersonajdor az chand manzara iborat ast: a) mardi boloi takht nishasta (hokim) va zani nimbarahnai muypareshoni dar kanori takht zonu kham karda, b) mardi siyahpush (jallod) va hamon zani nimbarahna (modar), ki har du zonu khamida dar taloshi kudakand, mardi kamzulu abopush (plash)-i rostistoda, v) tasviri daryo, ki dar on makhluqi gushu burutdori modimonand shino mekunad, g) dar sohili daryo mardumi pobarahnai kurtadaroz, d) modagurg, du ekizaki luchi sinamak va hamon mardi kamzulu abopush (chupon).

Kompozisiyai naqqoshii bisyorrangai Shahriston bo mahorati baland aks yofta, mavzui fojiavii dos­toni modagurgu ekizakhoro khub tasvir mekunad va az hamin sabab dar sanati tasvirii jahon maqomi makhsuse dorad. Tadqiqoti vasei rivoyathoi qabilahoyu khalqhoi qadimi Osiyo va Evropa ba khulosae ovard, ki muvofiqi on rivoyati modagurg va kudakoni afgona dar sarzamini qabilahoi eroninajodi Osiyoi Miyona va Sharqi Miyona hanuz dar zamonhoi chamoai ibtidoi (asrhoi birinji va ibtidoi ohan) paydo shuda, Dertar dar bayni qabilahoi bodiyanishinu muhimii mamlakathoi Osiyo va Evropa pahn gardid. Muvofiqi Rivoyathoi eroniyoni qadim, ki dar sarchashmahoi Yunoni atiqa aks yoftaast, modagurg hatto asosguzori davlati Hakhomanishiyon — Kurushi Kabirro dar vaqti kudaki afgona budanash parvarish kardaast.

Tadqiqoti ilmi nishon dod, ki in syujet az sarzamini Eron avvalho dar bayni etruekhoi Osiyoi Khurd, dertar badi hijrati onho ba Italiya (malumoti Gerodot) dar in sarzamin niz pahn shuda, yake az rivoyathoi dustdoshtai etruskho gar­did. Mujassamai mashhuri tilloii Modagurgi kapitoli, ki etruskdo dar asri 4—5 to m. sokhtaand va to hol dar Muzei Vatikani Rim mahfuz ast, daleli on meboshad. Ba hamin tariq, dar dunyoi qadim mubodilai yak syujeti rivoyati ba amal omadaast, ki az ishtiroki khalqhoi eronzamin dar tashakkuli madaniyati Rimi atiqa shahodat medihad.

Ad.: Negmatov N. N., Sokolov­skiy V. M., «Kapitoliyskaya volchisa» v Tadjikistane i legendi Evrazii — «Pamyatniki kulturi. Novie otkri­tiya», «Ejegodnik» 1074, M., 1075.

Ya. N. Nematov.