MIZONI HARORATI ZAMIN

MIZONI HARORATI ZAMIN, tanosubn voridotu sodiroti ener­giya (energiyai nur va garmi) dar sathi Zamin, dar atmosfera va dar sistemai Zaminu atmosfera. Radiasiyai Oftob manbai asosii energiyai aksar prosesshoi fiziki, khimiyavi va biologist, ki dar atmosfera, gidrosfera va qabathoi boloii li­tosfera ba amal meoyand. Binobar in taqsimot va tanosubi omilhoi Mizoni harorat bo tagyiri radiasiyai Oftob dar in qabatho tavsif meyobad. Mizoni harorat holati khususii qonuni baqoi energiya buda, baroi qitai Za min (Mizoni harorati sathi Zamin), baroi sutuni amudii az dokhili atmosfera guzaranda (Mizoni harorati atmosfera), baroi hamin guna sutu­ni az dokhili atmosfera va qabathoi boloii litosfera yo gidrosfera gu­zaranda (Mizoni harorati sistemai Zaminu atmosfera) tartib doda meshavand.

Muodilai Mizoni harorati satkhi Zamin hosili jami algebravii seli energiyan bayni elementi sathi Zamin Va fazoi onro ihotakunanda mebo­shad va ifodaash chunin ast: R+P+ f Fo + LE — 0, in no R farqi bayni radiasiyai furuburdi kutohmahin Oftob va afkenishoti darozmavji effektivii sathi Zamin ast; R seli garmist, ki bayni sethi Za­min va atmosfera ba amal meoyad. Mahz be tufayli on harorati sathi Zamin va harorati havo az ham farq mekunand; Fo seli garmist, ki bayni sathi obanborho va qabathoi darunii onho ba amal meoyand; LB sarfi garmi baroi bukhorshavi (L — garmii bukhorshavi, B — massai obi bukhorshuda) ast.

Muodilai Mizoni harorati atmosfera chunin est:

Mizoni harorati sathi Zamin, solona kkal/sm

Dar in jo R— mizoni radiasionii atmosfera; L_r — voridot va sodiroti garmi hangomi guzarishhoi fazavii ob dar atmosfera (g — miqdori borishot); R — voridot b khud sodiroti garmie, ki bo sababi garmiivazshavii turbulenti dar bayni atmosfera va sathi Zamin ba amal meoyad; F» voridot va sodiroti garmist, ki bo harakati garmiivazshavii murattabi atmosfera va makroturbulentiyat aloqamand ast; AW — tagyiri garminigahdori dar dokhili sutuni amudii qabati at­mosfera.

Hosili jami azoi muodilahoi Mizoni harorati sathi Zamin va Mizoni harorati atmosfera muodilai Mizoni harorati siste­mai Zaminu atmosfera meboshad. Omilhoi Mizoni harorati sathi Zamin va Mizoni harorati atmosferaro dar asosi guzarondani mushohidahoi meteoro­logii zaminivu kayhoni baroi nohiyahoi gunoguni kurai Zaamin muayyan mekunand.

Malumothoe, ki omilhoi Mizoni haroratro tashkil medihand, baroi halli aksar masalahoi iqlimshinosi, gidrologiyai khushki, okeanologiya istifoda meshavand, baroi asosnok kardani modelhoi raqamii nazariyai iqlim va sanyaishi amalii natijahoi tatbiqi in modelho ba kor meoyand. Materialzm doir ba Mizoni harorat ba­roi omukhtani tagyiri iqlim muhimand. In malumotho hamchunin dar hisobu kitobi darajai bukhorshavii obi havzahoi daryo, kulu bahrho va uqyonusho, dar tadqiqi rejimi energetikii jarayonhoi bahri, baron omukhtani barfpushavu yakhpushaho, dar fiziologiyai nabotot baroi tadqiqi hodisahoi transpirasiya va fotosintez, dar fiziologiyai hayvonot baroi omukhtani rejimi haroratii organizmhoi zinda istifoda meshavand.

Ad.: Atlas teplovogo balansa zemnogo shara, pod red. M. I. Budiko, M., 1963; Vudikom. I., Klimat v proshlom i budushem, L., 1980.