MIRShAKAR

MIRShAKAR (M irshakarov Mirsaid; tavallud 5. 5. 1912, deh Sindevi payoni Shugnoni VABK), shoiri so­vetii tojik, khodi­mi jamiyati, Sho­iri Khalqii Tojikiston (1962).

Az oilai dehqoni chorvodor. Azoi KPSS az soli 1942.

Dar internati sh. Khorug tahsil kar­daast. Soli 1930 dar sh. Dushanbe kursi 3-solai Maktabi markazii soveti va partiyaviro ba itmom rasond. Muddate dar g. «Komsomoli Tojikiston» kor kard, pas kotibi komiteti komsomolii payoni Shuroobod intikhob shud. Solhoi 1932—34 KM komsomoli respublika uro baroi kor ba sokhtmoni kanali Vakhsh firistod. Dar in jo vazifai muharriri g. «Zarbdori sokhtmoni Vakhsh» va kotibi komiteti komsomolii sokhtmonro ba uhda dosht. Solhoi 1934—37 dar safhoi Armiyai Surkh bud. Kotibi masul az mukharriri g. «Vasiyati Lenin» (1937), kotib va muovini raisi Pravleniyai IN Tojikiston (1940, 1546—60), sardori Komiteti repertuarii Upravleniyai sanat (1946— 48), jonishini mudiri shubai pro­paganda va aggitasiyai KM PK Tojikiston (1961-—62), kotibi masuli Komi­teti Mukofoti davlatii RSS Tojikiston ba nomi Rudaki (1966—75), raisi IK Tojikiston (1977—78) bud. Az soli1978 raisi Komiteti Mukofoti Davlatii RSS Tojikiston ba nomi Rudaki. Faoliyati ejodii Mirshab az solhoi 30 ogoz meyobad. Ashori solhoi avvali u az jihati mavzu gunogunrang buda, muboriza baroi hayoti nav («Ey komsomolon!», «Dushmanro kun torumor!») , saodati zani tojik («Dukhtari Vatan», «Dukhtari pakhtakor»), zarari din («To kay?», «Qurbon idi kist?» va g.)~po dar bar megirand. Shoir dar in solho asosan sherhoi publisisti, liriki, hajvi, dar mavzuhoi ruzmarra navishta, digargunihoi revolyusionii zindagiro tarannum mekunad, simoi dushmanoni sokhti sosialistiro oshkor mesozad. Soli 1934 nakhustin dostoni Mirshakar «Livoi zafar» (doir ba sokhtmoni kanali Vakhsh) ba tab rasid, ki dar rohi inikosi badeii sokhtmoni sosialisti dar Tojikiston kushishi avvalin bud. Sherhoi avvalini u dar majmuai «Bahori javoni» (1940) gird omadaand. Solhoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani Mirshakar dar tasiri ananai V. Mayakovskiy ba vositai «Oinai TojikTA» hajviyahoi manzum intishor doda, simoi manfuri dushman­ro fosh kard. Sherhoi «Taronai uqobi ozod», «Shafqati modari» (1941), «Nakun faromusham», «Faromushat nakhoham kard» (1943), manzumahoi «rasami Teshaboy» (1942), «Odamon az Bomi jahon» (1943), «Dili modar» (1944) va yak qator dostonhoi bachagonai Mirshakar virdi zaboni khonandagon gashta, ba onho quvvat va bovari mebakhshidand. Dostoni «Qishloqi tilloi» (1942) dar ejodiyoti Mirshakar mavqei muhim dorad. Az in doston behtarin sifathoi fardiyati ejodii Mirshakar to andozae namoyon shud. Shoir syujet va obrazhoi folkloriro hunarmandona kor kar­da, az onho khulosahoi muhimi zamonavi barovard. Mirshakar dar doston rohi haqiqii ba ozodi va khushbakhti rasidani khalqro nishon dod. Muhimtarini osori davrai jangii Mirshakar dar majmuai «Sherho va poemaho» (1945) jam omadaast. Ejodiyoti Mirshakar, mavzu va mazmuni asarhoi u dar solhoi pas az jang boz ham vusat meyoband. Shoir dar sheru dostonhoi khud ha­yoti osoishta, sulhu amniyat va si­fathoi navi insoni sovetiro vasf menamoyad. Dar dostoni «Kalidi bakht» (1947) taloshu kushishi mardumi Pomir baroi mute namudani tabiati sarkashi kishvari kuhi inikos yoftaast. Shoir diruzu imruzro ba ham muqoisa karda, ba in vasila afzaliyati zamoni navro ni­shon medihad. In mavzu dar dosto­ni digari Mirshakar «Panji noorom» (1949) takmil yofta, ba tarzi nav hal kar­da meshavad. Mirshakar dar in asarash bartarii hayoti ozod va saodati khalqi sovetiro nisbat ba zindagii puraziyati mardumi mamlakathoi sharqi mustamlikavi nishon doda, fardoi boz ham durakhshoni mamlakati sove­tiro takid menamoyad. Solhoi 50 Mirshakar oid ba pahluhoi gunoguni hayoti so­veti sherhoi bisyore ejod kard. («Pakhta shukuft», «Partiyai kommunisti», «Mo khushbakhtem», «Dar mehmoni» va g.). Yake az mavzuhoe, ki hamesha diqqati Mirshakarro jalb menamo­yad, obrazi Lenin ast. Simoi Lenin, ki dar chand sheri Mirshakar («Ruboiyot dar borai Lenin», 1938; «Lenin zinda ast», 1947; «Tu zindai», 1948) inikos yofta bud, dar dostoni «Lenin dar Pomir» (1955) barjasta ba zuhur omad. Dar in doston voqeahoi davrai barqaror shudani hokimiyati soveti dar Pomir, tantanai goyahoi jovidonai Lenin dar hayoti mamlakat tarannum meshavad. Soli 1964 se dostoni Mirshakar («Dashti lavand», «Ishqi dukhtari kuhsor», «Chashmoni Le­nin») az chop baromad, ki dar onho mehnatu muhabbati muosiron tasvir yoftaast. Dar silsilai sherhoi «Tay namudem rohi bisyore» (1968), «Sadoi junbishi gahvora» (1971) sho­ir kushish kardaast, ki munosibati shakhs va jamiyatro faylasufona tabir namoyad. Aksari sherhoi in silsila khurd va bazeashon az yak bayt iborat buda, har kadome yak khulosai muhimi zindagi va falsafai hayotro dar bar megirand. Dos­toni u «Varaqhoi muhabbat» (1975) az hayoti lyotchikdukhtari tojik Oygul Muhammadjonova, ki dar solhoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani bar ziddi dushman qahramonona muboriza burda bud, hikoyat mekunad. Solhoi 1975—78 oid ba muosiron yak silsila sherhoi toza navisht. In sherho dar kitobi «Varaqhoi muhabbat» (1978) ba tab rasidand. Soli 1979 dar borai Nosiri Khisrav bo nomi «Isyoni khirad» dostoni nav talif kard. Dar ejodiyoti Mirshakar dramaturgiya mavqei kalon dorad. U chandin pesa: «Qishloqi tilloi» (1944), «Mualli­mi ishq» (1945), «Toshbek va Gulqurbon» (1946), «Shahri man» (1951), «Fojiai Usmonov» (1957), «Khushbakhtii shumo — khushbakhtii man» (1966), «Bayraqi maktab» (1969), «Bo rohi padaron» (1971), «Zadukhurd dar bi­yobon» (1974) va bisyor asarhoi yakpardagii hajvi va mazhakavi na­vishtaast. Mirshakar shoiri bachahost. Qarib nisfi ejodiyoti u az asarhoi bachagona faroham omadaast. Mirshakar hayo­ti kudakonro khub medonad, az hayoti onho syujethoi ajoib meyobad va baroyashon bo shavq hikoyat mekunad. Mirshakar baroi fahmovu shavqovar baromadani sherhoyash az ejodiyoti dahonakii khalq hunarmandona istifoda mebarad, Behtarin sherhoi bachago­nai u muvofiqi zarbu ohangi nazmi khalqi navishta shudaand («Dar jangal», «Rost meguyam» va g.). She­ru dostonhoi bachagonai Mirshakar khurdsolonro dar ruhi vatanparvari («Mo az Pomir omadem», 1940), mehnatdusti («Nemat», 1942; «Rost meguyam», 1945), dustivu rafoqat («Dugonaho», 1954) va internasionalizm («Bachagoni Hinduston», 1963) tarbiya menamoyand. Asarhoi u «Durdonahoi Amrita» (1971) va «Ayyomi shabobi Birbal va Akbar», ki dar majmuai «Onhoro dust medoram» (1975) faroham omadaand, dar paydoishu tashakkuli janri navi adabiyoti mo—fantastikai badei roli muayyan bozidaand. Ejodiyoti Mirshakar bo folklor robitai qavi dorad. Murojiat ba folklor, munosibati ejodi va nazari nav ba ejodiyoti dahonakii khalq az bisyor jihatho asoshoi khalqiyati ejodiyoti uro tamin karda­ast. Shoir mushohidahoi khudro be hej guna pardozhoi ilovagi rui qogaz meorad, ki in ba realizmi oso­ri u tasiri sudmand rasondaast. Dar kamoloti realizmi osori u adabiyoti rus va makhsusan ejodiyoti V. Mayakovskiy roli kalon bozidaast. Mirshakar solhoi okhir khotirahoi khudro roje ba duston va hamkoron ba qalam ovard. Khotirahoi u «Ayyomi javoni» (19/2), «YOdi yori mehrubon» (1979), ahamiyati ilmiyu adabi doshta, bis­yor masalahoi jarayoni kori ejodiro ravshan menamoyand,

Mirshakar ba navishtani maqolahoi tanqidi niz shugl dorad. Maqolahoi u «Vazifai muhimi adabiyoti mo» (1949), «Dar borai baze masalahoi adabiyoti bachagona» (1952), «Dar bo­rai baze problemai dramaturgi­yai hozirai sovetii tojik» (1953), «Munosibati qahramoni musbat va manfi», «Nazmi hayot — nazmi adabiyot» (1954), «Hamesha dar justuju boshem» (1958), «Doir ba vaziyat va vazifahoi adabiyoti bachagona» (1959), «Chand sukhan dar borai dramaturgiyai tojik» (1966) va g. dar inkishofi nazmu nasr, dramaturgiya va adabiyoti bachagonai tojik sahmi muayyan guzoshtaand. Mirshakar dar bobi ba zaboni tojiki nashr namudani osori badeii shoironi mashhuri mamlakathoi Sharqi khoriji niz khizmati namoyon kardaast. Soli 1958 u majmuai sherhoi Khalili Somoni va Muhammadi Iqbolro ba chop hozir karda, khonandai tojikro bo osoru ahvoli onho shinos namud. Mirshakar yakchand ssenariya navishtaast: «Bachagoni Pomir» (bo hamrohii Mirshakar Filimonova, 1963); «Foshkuni» (bo hamrohii I. Lukovskiy, 1968), «Vokhurihoi kutoh dar Jangi duru daroz» (bo hamrohii A. Inin, 1975). Asarhoi Mirshakar chandin bor ba zaboni rusi tarjuma va nashr shudaand. Sherhoi uro khalqhoi SSSR va mardumi mamlakathoi kho­riji ba zaboni modarii khud mekhonand. Mirshakar azoi KM PK Tojikiston, deputati Soveti Olii RSS Tojikiston (davathoi 8,9), Raisi Soveti Olii RSS Tojikiston (1961—75), raisi Komiteti respublikavi va azoi Prezidiumi Ko­miteti sovetii yakdilii mamlakathoi Osiyo va Afrika, azoi Pravleniyai IN SSSR, azoi Prezidiumi Pravleniyai IN RSS Tojikiston (az soli 1940) meboshad. Laureati Mukofoti davlatii SSSR (1950), Mukofoti davlatii RSS Tojikiston ba nomi Rudaki va Mukofoti komsomoli le­ninii Tojikiston. Bo du ordeni Lenin, ordeni Revolyusiyai Oktyabr, du ordeni Bayraqi Surkhi Mehnat, du ordeni «Nishoni Fakhri» va bis­yor medalu Gramotahoi Prezidiumi Soveti Olii RSS Tojikiston mukofotonida shudaast. Az soli 1934 uzvi IN SSSR.

Ad.; Kedrina 3., Mirsaid Mirshakar, M, 1954; Ocherk istorii tadjik­skoy sovetskoy literaturi, M., 1-901; Mirzozoda X., Mirsaid Mirshakar, D., 1962g, Tabarov S., Mirsaid Mirshakar, D, 1902; Shodigulo v X. Mirshakar az Leninnomai u, D., 1972.