«MINUI KhIRAD»

«MINUI KhIRAD», «Dono va Minui khirad» (asli pahlaviash «Menoki khrad», «Donok-u me-mok-i khrad»), yake az yodgorihoi adabiyoti pahlavi. Soli talif va nomi muallif malum nest. Dar asar az rumiyon va kuchmanchiyone, ki ba Eron hujum mekardand, sukhan rafta, va­le islom yodovari nashudaast, az in ru guftan mumkin ast, ki pesh az hujumi arabho ba Eron tasnif gardidaast. «Minui khirad» az muqaddima va 62 bob iborat ast. Dar muqaddima musannif khudro dar shakhsi seyum ham­chun «dono»-e shinosonida az inqirozi dini zardushti, ruy ovardani mardum ba dinhoi digar sukhan meronad. U baroi dur kardani gumonu shubha az dili mardum bisyor mekushad, az donotarin mubahon maslihatho mepursad. Dar okhir ba khirad, ki hamchun shakhs dar peshi nazarash paydo meshavad, matlabi khudro bayon mekunad. Khirad ba savolhoi u javob meguyad. Ba hamin tariq 62 bob az savolu javobi dono va khirad iboratand. Dar bobi 1-um paydoishi olam, ba duzakh yo ba jannat raftani ravon pas az marg az mavqei skholastikai dini zardushti sharh yoftaast. Bobi 2-yumi «Minui khirad», ki nakhustin savoli dono bo on shuru meshavad, taqriban doroi 100 sukhani andarzi va panduakhloqist. In qismati «Minui khirad»—az kitobhoi to ba zamo­ni mo narasidai Avesto tanzim shu­daast. Dar bobhoi minbada vobas­ta ba savolhoi dono qissavu rivoyatho, voqeahoi tarikhi, asotiri mardumi eroninajod, nomi pahlavononu shohoni qadimii Eron az qa­bili Kayumars, Khushang, Jamshed, Som, Garshosp, Kaykhusrav, voqeoti zamoni Sosoniyon va g. ovarda shuda­and. «Minui khirad» goyai podshohi odil, hukmronii odilonaro talqin menamoyad. Garchande in goya az talaboti dini zardushti baromadaast, vale dar zamoni talifi asar ifodai in goya beshubha, yak jihati musbat ba shumor meravad. Dar bayni payravoni dini zardushtii asrhoi miyo­na «Minui khirad» yake az asarhoi mutabar ba shumor meraft. Azbaski on ba zaboni sodda talif shuda, besh­tar khususiyati ensiklopedi dosht, mubahon dar talimi javonon az in asar istifoda menamudand. Qismati andarzi, panduakhloqii «Minui khirad» niz baroi talimu tarbiyai javonon khele muvofiq bud. «Minui khirad» ba qavli yake az muhaqqiqoni adabiyoti pahlavi Jahongir Tavahiz «usulan yak matni dini ast, vale yak ruhi sarshor az khirad dar on farmonravoi me­kunad». On sitoishi khirad va aqlu donish, ki mo dar adabiyoti fors- tojik dar davrahoi nav barmekhurem va misoli barjastai on muqaddimai «Shohnoma»-i Firdavsi ast, beshub­ha idomai ananai adabiyoti peshazislomii khalqhoi eroninajod bud. Makhazi asarhoi nakhustini panduakhloqi dar adabiyoti klassikii fors-tojik niz hamon andarznomahoi adabiyoti qadimi tojik, az jumla, bobi 2-yumi «Minui khirad» va digarho budaand. Talimote, ki dar «Minui khirad» oid ba khirad bayon gardidaast, dar Yunon naziri khudro dar falsafai aqlii (rasioializmi) Arastu do­rad. Qadimtarin nuskhai pakhlavii «Minui khirad» az tarafi Mehrobon pisa­ri Anupak (1589) kitobat shuda, dar Kopengagen soli 1936 ba tavri aksi (faksimile) nashr gardidaast. «Minui khirad» du tahriri pozand, tarjuma ba sanskrit (asri 13, mutarjim Neriosang), du tarjumai manzumi forsi (soli 1612, ba bahri mutaqorib — nazmkunanda Marzbon ibni Rovari; 1627— nazmkunanda Dorob Sanjoni pisari Hurmuzdyor), in tarjumai nasrii forsi («Rivoyoti Dorob Hurmuzdyor», j. 1) dorad. Nuskhahoi manzumi forsi yake doroi 54 savol va digare 68 savol dar kitobkhonai millii Parij mahfuzand. Tarjumai anglisii «Minui khirad»-ro olimi anglis E. V. Vest anjom doda, onro dar silsilai «Sacred books of East» («Kitobhoi muqaddasi Sharq», J. XXIV) soli 1885 ba tab rasonidaast.

Ad.: Braginskiy I. S., Iz is­torii tadjikskoy narodnoy poezii. M., 1956; Niiitina V. V. j dr., Lite­ratura Drevnego Vostoka, M., 1962;

M. Dilovariv.