MIKOLOGIYa

MIKOLOGIYa (az yun. mykes — zanburug va …logiya), ilmest dar borai zanburugho (yake az faslhoi botanika). Vazifai asosii Mikologiya omukhtani morfologiya, sistematika, bio­logiya, fiziologiya, biokhimiya, ekolo­giya, geografiya, filogennyai zanburugho, inchunin maqomi onho dar tabiat va ziyodi inson meboshad. Mikologiya bo fitopatologiya (ba vujudovarandai yak qator kasalihoi rastaniho zanburughoi fitopatogeniand), tib, veterinariya (bisyor zanburughoi paraziti angezandai bemorihoi odam va hayvonot meboshand) va sanoat, az jumla sanoati mikrobiologi (zanburughoe hastand, kn baroi istehsoli penisillin va grizeofulvin barin antibiotiku, inchunin vitaminho, kislotan limu, fermentho va g., ba kor meoyand) aloqamand ast. Zanburugho az qadimulayyom injonib malumand. Taraqqiyoti Mikologiya ba se davra judo meshavad. Davrai 1-um (to nimai duyumi asri 19) davrai kushishhoi avvalin tasnifi zanburugho. Davrai 2-yum (nimai duyumi asri 19) omuzishi sistematikai zanbu­rugho, ontogenez va filogenezi onho. Dar in davra doir ba khususiyathoi inkishofi zanburughoi kasaliovar tadqiqothoi muhim guzaronida shu­daand. Dar davrai 3-yumi taraqqiyoti Mikologiya (az okhiri asri 19) fiziologiya va biokhimiyai zanburugho inkishof yoft. Dar inkishofi Mikologiya olimoni khoriji (X. Person, E. Fris, N. A. Veynman, L. va Sh. Tyulan, A. de Bari, G. Klebs), rus (S P. Krashenin­nikov, M. S. Voronin) va soveti (A. A. Yachevskiy, L. I. Kursanov,

V. F. Kuprevich va dig.) sahmi arzanda guzashtand. Dar SSSR tadqiqoti ilmii zanburugho dar instituthoi botaniki, borhoi botaniki va universitetho guzaronida meshavand. Maqolaho doir ba Mikologiya dar jurnalhoi «Miko­logiya i fitopatologiya» (az 1967) va «Novosti sistematiki nizshikh ras­teniy» (az 1964) nashr meshavand.

Avvalin tadqiqothoi mikologiro dar Tojikiston V. L. Komarov guzaronidaast. Muntazam omukhtani flo­ra, sistematika va ekologiyai zanbu­rughoi Tojikiston az soli 1941, badi dar Dushanbe tashkil shudani Instituti botanikai AF PCS Tojikiston cap shud. Holo dar respublika ba omukhtani mikorizahoi darakhtoni pahnbarg, arjazor, barangezandahoi kasalihoi odamu hayvonot, pakhta va g. ahamiyati kalon medihand.

Ad.: Kursanov L. I., Mikologiya, M., 1940; Bekker 3. E., Fiziologiya gri­bov i ikh prakticheskoe ispolzovanie, M., 1963.

Ya. I. Korbonskaya.