MIKELANJELO

MIKELANJELO Buonarroti (Micbelangelo Buonarroti, yo khud Mikelanjelo di Lodoviko di Lionardo di Buonarroto Simoni; 6. 3. 1475, Kapreze—18. 2. 1564, Rim), haykaltarosh, rassom, memor va shoiri italiyavi. Yake az buzurgtarin namoyandagoni davrai Ehyo. Faoliyati pursamari ejodiash dar Rim va Flo­rensiya surat giriftaast. Hanuz az asarhoi avvalniash (relefhoi «Oliha dar nazdi zinapoya», «Muhoribai kentavrho», taqriban 1490—92, Kasa Buonarroti, Florensiya) jihathoi umdai ejodiyoti Mikelanjelo— obrazhoi sarshori dramatizm va sitoyandai tavonoivu zeboii inson zohir gashtaast. Dar Rim Mikelanjelo az yodgorihoi sanati atiqa ilhom girifta, haykali «Vakkh» (1496—97, Muzei milli, Florensiya)-ro meofarad. Asari mashhurash «Sugvori bar Maseho» (1498—1501, Kalisoi hazrati Pyotr, Rim), ki rami beandozai modari javonro az favti farzand aks karda­ast, ba hamin davr taalluq dorad. Mikelanjelo soli 1501 ba Florensiya bargashta, yake az shohasarhoi khud haykali Dovud (1501—04, Nigoristoni AR Florensiya) va musavvarai «Oilai muqaddas» (yo khud «Oliha Doni», 1503—05, Uffiqi, Florensiya)-ro ejod meku­nad. Dovud timsoli shujoat, quvvai beandoza va irodai maglubnopazir buda, tavonoi va iqtidori ruhi insonro sitoish mekunad. Soli 1505 Mikelanjeloro ba Rim davat namuda, sokhtani marqadi paparo mefarmoyand. Mikelanjelo ba­roi in marqad silsilai mujassamaho, az on jumla, «Muso» — tajassumi irodavu matonati inson (solhoi 1515—16, ibodatkhonai San-Petro in Viikoli, Rim); «Gulomi isyonkarda» va «Gulomi favtidaistoda» — tazodi du quvva, du ruhiya —yake javoni khushandomu qavi, ki omodai barkandani zavlona ast, digare ham mardest barno, vale haqiru notavon, dar bandi ishkel (har du —1513— 16, Luvr, Parij)-ro ofaridaast. Ejodiyoti minbadai Mikelanjelo, ki ba dav­rai avji reaksiyai feodali-katoliki, az bayn rafta istodani demokratiyavu istiqloliyati millii Florensiya va inqirozi idealhoi davrai Ehyo rost meoyad, ruhiyai fojiavi va pessimisti megirad. Azobu shikanjai ruhii $ dar haykalhoi maqbarai Lorenso va Juliano Me­dichi (1520—34, ibodatkhonai San-Lorenso, Florensiya) va alalkhusus dar freskai azimi «Ruzi mahshar» (1536i—41, kapellan Sikst, Rim), «Chormekh kardaii Pyotr» va «Tavizi Pavel» (1542—50, kapellai Paolin, Votikon), ki ba davrai okhiri ejodiyotash taalluq dorand, khele ravshan inikos yoftaand. Inchunin Mikelanjelo dar boloi haykali «Sugvori bar Maseho» (baroi marqadi khud ofarida, dertar shikastaast va shogirdash T. Kalkani shikastaporahoro jam ovarda, onro az nav barqaror karda­ast; 1550—55 Kalisoi Santa-Mariya del Fore, Florensiya) va haykali notamomi «Peta Roidanini» (1555 —64, Muzei sanati qadima, Milan) zahmat kashidaast. Dar intihoi umrash asosan ba memori va shergui mashgul bud. Beshtarini ashorash bar vazni madrigal va sonet ejod shudaand. Majmuai sherhoi u badi favtash s. 1623 ba tab rasidaast. Az soli 1646 dar bunyodi Ka­lisoi Hazrati Pyotr va ansambli memorii maydoni Kapitolii Rim ishtirok kardaast. Ejodiyoti Mikelanjelo sar­shori goyahoi davrai Ehyo buda, zeboi, tavonoi va buzurgii insonro tarannum namudaast va bo ruhi gumanistonaash tamadduni umumibashariro zinae bolo bardoshtaast.