MEZOZOY

MEZOZOY, erai (guruhi) mezozoy (az mezo… va yun. zoe — hayot), marhilai mobayni dar inkishofi Zamin — bayni erahoi paleozoy va kaynozoy. 163 mln sol davom kard. Mezozoyro soli 1841 geologi anglis N. Filippe muqarrar namud. Mezozoy ba me davra: trias, yura va taboshir taqsim meshavad. Ba in era harakati puravji pastu baland va jindorshavii qishri Zamin khos ast. Agar dar okhirhoi paleozoy qismhoi azimi az sathi bahr baland va bo sistemai uhhoi jindor ihota shudai materikho masohati ziyodero ishgol kar­da boshand, bo faro rasidani erai Mezozoy furunishinii onho yakjoya bo transgressiyai bahrho cap shud. Dar davrai yura maydonhoi vasei platformahoi qadim (dar Evropai Sharqi Hinduston va Amerikai Janubi) eeri obi bahrho mondand. Dar hududi Evropai Janubi va Osiyoi Janubu Gapbi (furujamidahoi chuqur ba vujud omadand. In guna furukhamidaho dar hududi uqyonusi Orom niz paydo shudand. Baland shudani materiho tanho dar okhiri davrai ta­boshir cap shud va masohati bahrho mahdudtar gardid. Prosesshoi kuhpaydoshavi makhsusan dar zonahoi geosiiklipali ravshantar zohir shu­dand. Pastkhamihoi uqyonushoi Atlantik va Hind ba vujud omadand, tashakkuli pastkhamihoi uq. Yakhbastai Shimoli ogoz yoft. Ba tahnishasthoi bahrii trias va yura tabaqahoi gi­li siyoh az varaqsanghoi gilii qabathoi regsangdoshta khosaid. Dar avvalhoi taboshir dar bahrho tahnishasthoi regsangu gili va dar lagunaho (murdobaho)jinshoi tahshinii surkhrang jam meshudand. Dar taboshiri bolo tahnishasthoi regsangu glaukoniti va jinshoi karbonati (ohaksangho), makhsusan fasiyahoi buri narm (khatiavisi) beshtar pahn shuda budand. Mintaqahoi iqlimii davrai taboshir ba davrai hozira nazdik boshand ham, masoha­ti zonahoi tropiki va iqlimashon mutadil vasetar bud. Dar Erai Mezozoy olami nabotot tajdid shud va maydonhoi ziyodi materikho sabzapush gardidand. Dar davrai trias, ki hanuz mintaqahoi farokh va iqlimashon khushki kamnabotot vujud doshtand, luchtukhmho (suzanbargho, bennettitho va g.) inkishof yofta budand. Az rastanihoi sporador sarkhasho beshtar meruidand. Paydoishi rastanihoi pushidatukhm ba davrai taboshir taalluq dorad va onho to imruz boqi mondaand. Dar okhiri erai Mezozoy darakhtoni chinor, gor, tutanjir, az suzanbargho sanavbar, sanavbar va sekvoyya vase pahn shudand. Az hayvonhoi bemuhrai obi makhsusan narmbadanhoi sarpo (ammonitho, belemnitho) khe­le afzudand; narmbadanhoi bargakgalsama va shikampoho, kitfpoyho, marjonhoi shashpo va g. niz budand. Khazandahoi azimjussa (khushkigard — dinozavrho; obi — ikhtiozav­ru pleziozavrho; susmorhoi per­ron — pterozavrho) ba avji aloi inkishof rasidand. Mohihoi ustukhondor ham paydo shudand, ki onho az jihati namudu shumora va g. nis­bat ba hamjinsoni khud bartarii ziyode doshtand. Ba tahnishasthoi erai Mezozoy, gayr az konhoi angishtsang va angishti bur, inchunin konhoi neft, madani ohani tahshini, boksit, fosforit, namaksang va g. mansuband. Bo jinshoi intruzivii nohiyahoi chindori mintaqai uqyonusi Orom konhoi tillo, nuqra, mis, surb, ruh va qalagi aloqamandand, jinshoi kuhii guruhi Mezozoy dar Tojikistoni Janubu Gapbi, Markazi va Pomir khele pahn shudaand. Konhoi angishti Tojikiston (Shurob, Fon-Yagnob, Kishtud-Zavron, Nazarayloq va g.) dar davrai yurai erai Mezozoy ba vujud omadaand. Bo tahnishasthoi davrahoi yura va taboshir konhoi gazi Shambari, Komsomol va Qiziltumshuk vobastaand.

Ad.: Strakhov N. M., Osnovi isto­richeskoy geologii, ch. 1—2, M.— L., 1948; Geologiya SSSR, t. 24 (Tadjikskaya SSR). M., 1959; Levites Ya. M., Istoriche­skaya geologii s osnovami paleontologii i geologii SSSR. M., 1970.