MEHNATI BAChAGON

MEHNATI BAChAGON, mehnati kiroyai khurdsolon, yane noboligone, ki qobili mehnat nestasd, Istismori bachagon dar davrai kapitalizm, khususan badi dar istehsolot paydo shudani moshin avj girift.

Dar mamlakathoi kapitalisti muzdi kori bachagon nazar ba kalonsolon nihoyat kam ast. Ammo kapitaliston az in daromadi kalon megirand. Dar barobari in qashshoqii proletariat majbur mekunad ki bachagon ham muntazam ba bozori mehnat baroyand. Istismori berahmonai bachagon boisi bemorihoi kasbi va majruhii jismoniyu fikri va margi barmahali onho meshavad Masalai Mehnati baagon yake az problemahoi muhimi ijtimoii jamiyati kapitalisti va mahdudiyati Mehnati baagon yake az talabhoi sinfi korgar gardid Muvofiqi Konvensiyai bayonalkhalqi tashkili mehnat № 59 (1937) mrinimumi sinni qabuli bachagon ba kor az 15-solagi buda, on dar 22 mamlakati jahon amal mekunad (1 yanv. 1970). Vale dar 33 davlati jahon bachagonro az 14-solagi ba kor qabul mekunand.

Dar Eron, Turkiya, Portugaliya, Tailand, Kosta-Rika, Gaiti bachagon az 12-solagi kor mekunand. Dar aksari shtathoi ShMA ruzi kori bachagoni to 16-sola 8 (dar baze shtatho 9—10) soat (haftae 48—54 soat ast.

Dar davrai sosializm mafhumi «Mehnati baagon» vujud nadorad va istismori bachagon purra barham khurd. Dar SSSR va digar mamlakathoi sosialisti mehnat juzi uzvii tarbiyai kommunisti gardidaast. Khoki millati Soveti az ruzhoi avvali mavjudiyati khud az Mehnati baagoni ba voya narasida istifoda burdanro man kard. Mehnati navrason dar mamlakati mo az tarafi davlat himoya karda meshavad. Muvofiqi Ukazi Prezidiumi Soveti Olii SSSR (az 13 dekabri 1966) ba kor qabul kardani bachagoni to 16-sola man ast. Agar zarurat ba miyon oyad, bachagoni 15-solaro faqat bo rizoiyati Komitethoi zavodu fabrika va ittifoqi kasaba kor qabul mekunand. Bachagoni to 18-solaro ba korhoi zerizamini, vazninu zararrason va smenahoi shabona tain namekunand. Ruzi korii navrasoni 16—18-sola az 6 soat ziyod nabuda, muzdi korashon purra doda meshavad. Partiyai kommunisti va Davlati Soveti baroi baland bardoshtani malaka va savodi navrason muntazam gamkhori mekunad. Dar «mehnati kiroya va kapital» SSSR, ba gayr az maktabhoi malumoti umumi, maktabhoi gunoguni kasbhoi tekhniki mavjudand. Navrasoni korkuni nav omadaro khodimoni tibbi muntazam nazorat karda meistand. Chunin tadbirho dar mamlakathoi demokratii khalqi niz ba amal guzaronda meshavand.

Ad.: Krupskaya N. K., Trud m ob razvivanie rabochey molodyoji (stati i rechi), Kharkov, 1925; Kiselyov I. Ya., Kapitalizm i rabochaya molodyoj, M., 1964.