MAGNETIZM

MAGNETIZM (az yun. magnelis —magnit), majmui hodisahoe, ki dar masshtabhoi makroskopi hamchun tasiri mutaqobili bayni jarayonhoi elektri, bayni jarayonhovu magnitho (jismhoe, ki momenti magniti dorand) va bayki magnitho zohir meshavand. In tasiri mutaqobil ba vositai maydoni magniti ba amal meoyad. Hamai moddaho to darajae ba khosiyathoi magniti sohiband (nig. Magnetik), zero elektron, proton va neytronhoe, ki atomho az onho tarkib yoftaand, momenti magniti dorand. Vobasta ba tabiati homiloni Magmatizm va kharakteri tasiri mutaqobili onkho, Magmatizmi zarrahoi tasiri mutaqobilashon sust (diamagnetizm va paramagnetizm) va Magmatizmi moddahoi doroi tartibi maggogish atomi (ferromagnetizm, antiferromagnetizm va ferromagnetizm) -ro farq mekunand. Khosiyathoi magnitii moddaho dar asosi qonunhoi mekhanikai kvanti sharh doda meshavand. Magmatizm dar hamai prosesshoi fizikiyu khimiyavii dar modda baamaloyanda zohir meshavad. Maydonhoi magniti dar aksari jismhoi kayhoni (sitoraho, Oftob, yak qator sayyorahoi Sistemai Oftob) va dar fazoi kayhoni vujud dorand. In maydonho ba harakati zarrahoi zaryaddor tasir mekunand va muhimtarin hodisahoi astrofiziki va geomagniti (khuruji Oftob, tufoni magnitii Zamin, tagyiri radioshaffofii atmosfera va g.)-ro muayyan mekunand. Khosiyathoi magnitii yak qator moddaho dar elektrotekhnika va radiotekhnika, asbobsozi, avtomatika, tekhnikai hisob va telemekhanika, navigasiyahoi bahri va kayhoni, usulhoi geofizikii inkishofi sarvathoi zerizamini, baroi nazorati sifati masnuoti metalli (defektoskoggiyai magniti) istifoda meshavand. Omukhtani khosiyathoi magnitii moddaho taodiki strukturai jismhoi gunogun va mekhanizmi prosesshoi dar onho ba amaloyandaro imkonpazir megardonad.

Ad.: Vonsovskiy S. V., Magnetizm, M., 1971.

Sh. Shokirov.