MADANIYaTI QAYROQQUM

MADANIYaTI QAYROQQUM, madaniyati davrahoi miyona va okhiri asri birinji. Madaniyati Qayroqqum asosan dar qismi garbii vodii Fargona, dar sohili rosti daryoi Sir va obanbori Qayroqqum pahn shudaast. YOdgorihoi Madaniyati Qayroqqumro soli 1954 bori avval A. P. Okladnikov kashf va solhoi 1955—56 B. A. Litvinskiy tadqiq kard. Bostonshinoson Madaniyati Qayroqqumro ba nimai duyumi hazorai 2 to m. — avvali hazorai 1 to m. nisbat medihand. Dar Qayroqqum dar davrai ibtidoi asri ohan (asrhoi 7—5 to m.) niz hayot vujud dosht. Bodhoi shadid osori qabati arkheologiro dar boshishgohho qarib tamoman khoku turob kardaand. Dar zaminhoi khushku shurkhok naqshii in boshishgohho boqi mondaast. Ziyoda az 70 nuqtai Madaniyati Qayroqqum tadqiq karda shudaast. Masohati boshishgohho az 300 m to 10 ta va az in ziyodtar meboshad. Boshishgohho az chand khona iborat budand. Bisyor khonaho qator-qator otashdon doshtand. Darozii chunin khonaho taqriban ba 20 m va barashon ba 12—15 m merasid. Mashguliyati asosii qabilahoi Madaniyati Qayroqqum chorvodori bud. Az boshishgohho ustukhoni gusfand (yo buz), gov, aspho yoft shudaast. Dar khojagi inchunin dehqoni roli makhsus mebozid. Az hamai boshishgohho dastosho yoft shudaand. Shikor va mohigiri mashguliyati duyumdarajai qayroqqumiho bud. Istehsoli madan va fuluzgudozi khele taraqqi karda bud, ki ba in sharoiti khubi tabii, nazdik buda in konhoi mis (konhoi Navqat va konkhoi Daromazor) musoidat menamud.

Az boshishgohho bisyor partovhoi biriiji, shikastaporahoi qolabhoi sangi baroi rekhtani tabaru zognulhoi birinji yoft shudaand. Zarfhoi safoli beshtar dar qolabhoi matoi tayyor karda bo naqshhoi gunogun (sekunja, khathoi rostu shikasta va g.) oro doda meshud. Baroi naqshi zarfho tamgahoi dandonador va hamvorro istifoda meburdand. Dar nohiyai Qayroqqum dar mavzei Khojai Yagona va dehai Dahana (payoni Asht) qabrhoi Madaniyati Qayroqqum tadqaq karda shudaand. Dar Khojai Yagona mayitro dar qabrhoi lahaddor, ki az takhtasangho sokhta shudaand, dar Dahana dar chuqurihoi bo takhtasangho rupushshuda guronidaand. Manbai digari Madaniyati Qayroqqum dar masofai 22 km janubtar az qasabai Shahriston, dar kamari Oqtangi yoft shudaast. Osori boshishgohhoi ba Madaniyati Qayroqqum, monand, inchunin dar qismi garbii vohai Bukhoro daryoft shudaast. Bo Madaniyati Qayroqqum yak qator pushtahoi Fargonai Janubi, vohai Toshkent, vodi daryoi Arpa va Pomiri Janubu Sharqi niz aloqamandand.

Ad.: Litvinskiy B. A., Okladnikov A. P., Ranovv. A., Drevnosti Kayrakkumov, Tr. In-ta istorii im. Akhmada Donisha AN Tadjikskoy SSR, t. 33, D., 1962; Istoriya tadjikskogo naroda, t. 1, M., 1963; Gafurov V. G., Tadjiki. Drevneyshaya, drevnyaya i srednevekovaya istoriya, M., 1972.

L. T. Pyankova.