Lift

LIFT (az zaboni anglisi «lift» — bardoshtan), moshin-naqliyoti bolobardori stapionari, ki baroi ba yagon balandi bardoshtani odamon az bor dar kabina yo platformai makhsus peshbini shudaast. Kabinai Lift dar chohi bino amudi harakat mekunad.

Lift yake az ikhtirooti qadimai insoniyat meboshad. Avvalin Lifthoro rimiyoni qadim (asri 1 to melod) sokhta budand (dar «Qasri tillo»-i imperatori Rim Neron), ki to balondii 40 metr mebaromad. Avvalin Lifthoi passajiri dar Rossiya asri 18 sokhta shud. Soli 1793 (muvofiqi baze makhazho 1795) dar Qasri Zimistoni az rui loihai I. P. Kulibin Lifti passajirii vinti shinonda shud. Dar nimai asri 19 barobari avj giriftani sokhttmoni binohoi seroshyona Lifthoi bo bug va moei fishurdashuda harakatkunanda ba vujud omadand.

Ba sifati mekhanizmi bolobardor chigir (lebyodka), gidrosilindr va tahvili vintiro istifoda meburdand. Soli 1880 L. Simens dar Germaniya avvalin Lifti bo quvvai elektrika harakatkunandai mekhanizmi bolobardorash reykagiro sokht. Az ibtidoi asri 20 lifthoi elektriki bo simtanob kashidashavanda malum gashtand.

Skhemai lifti passajiri: 1 — moshinkhona; 2—chigir; 3— simtanobhoi kori; 4 — ovezai kabina; 5—liftqappak; 6— kabina; 7—choh; 8— samtdihandahoi kabina: 9 — porsang; 10—bufer; 11-mahdudkunandai surat; 12 — stansiyai magniti.

Liftho borkash (umumi va makhsus) va passajiri (muqarrari va balandsurat) meshavand.

Kabinai baae Liftho bo surati baland harakat mekunad (masalan, surati Lifti manorai televizionii Ostankino 7 metr/soniya meboshad). Kabniai dar simtanobkho ovezon qad-qadi shakhtai amudi, ki qadash barobari ballndii bino ast, harakat mekunad. Mekhanizmi bolobardori Lift — chigir dar qismi bolo yo poyoni bino  shinonida meshavad. Kabinaro kafshakhoi lagjanda 6 rolikdor (ki hangomi harakati kabina qad-qadi choh bolovu poyon meshavand) dar holati amud nigoh medorand. Baroi tamini bekhatari kabinavu porsanghoro kamash ba du argamchin meovezand.

VIDEO DAR BORAI LIFT

Dar choh liftqappakhoe shinonda meshavand, ki hangomi besh aa 15% afzudani surat yo kanda shudani argamchin kabinaro az harakat boz medorand. Gayr az in, darhoi kabina va choh blokkontakthoi elektrikie dorand, ki hangomi kushoda budani yake az darho Liftro ba harakat namedarorand va agar dar mavridi harakat dar kushoda shavad, harakati Liftro qat mekunand.

Hozir Lifthoi bo jarayoni elektrikii tagyryobanda korkunanda mamuland. Dar binohoi «osmonbus» Lifthoi bo jarayoni doimi amalkunanda istifoda meshavand. Vobasta ba chop guzorishi apparaturaho Liftro faqat az darun (az kabina), faqat az berun (az maydonchai nishast) va mushtarakona idora kardan mumkin ast. Passajir dar yagon oshyona tugmai davatro zer karda, Liftro «davat mekunad». Badi ba kabina daromadan dari kabinaro pushida, tugmai oshyonai matlubro zer mekunad va ba Lift «amr medihad».

Lifthoi passajiri dar binohoi istiqomati, mamuriyu jamiyati, korkhonahoi sanoati, kosmodromho, manorahoi televizioni va gayra; Lifthoi borkash dar kurahoi domna, zavodhoi korkardi neft va gayra istifoda meshavand.

Solhoi okhir guruh-guruh idora kardani Lifthoi balandsurat (az se to shash Lift) mamul gardid. Idorai guruhi samarai kori Lifthoro ziyod, muhlati intizorshaviro kam mekunad. Parametrhoi asosii Lift, andozahoi kabina, choh va moshinkhona bo talabothoi davlati muqarrar karda meshavand.

Dar Tojikiston muvofiqi takhminho ba avvali soli 2017 ziyoda az 400 Lift dar khizmati mardum qaror dorand ki asosan dar sh. Dushanbe, Khujand, Tursunzoda va digar shahrho ki dar on shumorai oshyonaashon ziyoda az 7 qabat meboshad nasb shudaand.

Arzishi Lift bo nazardoshti nasbi on dar Dushanbe ba soli 2017 tibqi hisobhoi miyona baroi yak oshyona ba 500 dollari IMA barobar meboshad.  Dar samti nasb, furush va khizmatrasoni kardani Lifthoi zamonavi shirkati IMO (http://imo.tj/) mashgul ast. Dar khizmatrasoni kardani Lifthoi soveti, ki dar khonahoi bisyorqabatai davrai shuravi sokhtashuda mavjudand, asosan ustohoi sohibkor, ki ba in yo on shirkat aloqamandi nadorand  mashguland va ba hisobi miyona 10 somoni haqqi khizmat dar yak moh az har yak utoq megirand, ki dokhili in mablag kharojothoi vobasta ba tamiri kulli yo kharidani qismhoi ehtiyoti namedaroyad.

Avvalin lift dar Tojikiston solhoi avvvali 1970-um paydo va nasb shudaas. To injonib (2017 sol) yagon hodisai favt bar asari hodisahoi sadamavii  Lift dar Tojikiston nashudaast. Tanho yakchand hodisahoi kanda shuda aftidani Lift ba vujud omaddast va zarari jismoni didani shahrvandon ba qayd girifta shudaast. Maslai nazorati faoliyati Liftho ba dushi hukumat, tojikstandart, sotmonchiyon va digaron vobasta shudaast.