LUBIYO

LUBIYO (Phaaeolus), jinsi rastanihoi yaksola va bisyorsola az adabiyotho. Poyai rost yo pechon, sebargai darozdumcha, guli safed, surkh, bunafsh va g., gilofakmeva dorad. Dar duyanyo 180 namudi Lubiyo malum buda, asosan dar mamlakathoi tropikii Osiyo, Afrika va Amerika pahn shudaast az 20 (dar SSSR 7) namudi onro kisht mekunand. Dar RSS Tojikiston 3 namudi Lubiyo (Lubiyoi muqarrari, Lubiyoi surkh az mosh — Ph. aureus) kisht meshavand. Lubiyoi muqarrar il Ph. vulgaris (Nig. rasm), rastanii yaksola, poyaash pechon (daroziash 1—3 m), sershokhcha, bargash az yakchand bargchai sermuyak iborat ast; khushagulash 2—0-gula, gulash gulobi, bunafsh, zardtob yo safedi sabacha, gilofakmevaash darozi 17—24, bazan to 30 om) 2—10-tukhma. Mohhoi iyul — oktyabr gulu meva mekunad.

Dar jahon ba 22 mln ga va az on jumla dar SSSR (asosan Ukraina, Moldaviya, Zakavkzaiya va Osiyoi Miyona) ba 50 hazor ga Lubiyo mekorand. Dar Tojikiston Lubiyoro beshtar dar viloyati Leninobod, rayonhoi Hisor va Gapm kisht mekunand. Makhsusan navi Lubiyoi «Saksai benakhi 615» mamul ast.

Lubiyo— rastanii garmidust. Doni on hangomi 12—13° S budili harorat sarosar nesh mezanad. Lubiyo sarmobardor nest; navrustai on dar 0,5—1°S nobud meshavad. Lubiyo hangomi tashakkuli gilofak namitalab ast. Lubiyo dar qitahoi soya nagz mesabzad. Onro bo juvori, juvorimakka va ziroati digar yakjoya kisht karda, baroi silos istifoda burdan mumkin ast. Kishti omekhtai Lubiyo khokro sernitrogen va hosilkhez megardonad. Lubiyo nuri va porutalab ast. Makhsusan nurihoi kaliy va fosfordor (45—60 kg/ga) onro serhosil menamoyand. Miqdori kishti Lubiyo 0,25—0,4 mln dona ga; kishti navhoi Lubiyoi donash mayda 70—80 kg/ga, navhoi donash kalon 100—150 kg/ga (vobasta ba nav, usul va mahalli kisht). Hangomi durust ba roh mondani agrotekhinkai kishtukori Lubiyo az 1 ga 25—40 s hosil megundorand. Dar zaminhoi obii Tojikiston 20—25        s/ga Lubiyo megirand.

Don va gilofaki Lubiyo hamchun sabzavot, galladona va khuroki chorvo ahamiyati kalon dorad. Doni Lubiyo 17—35% safeda, 1—4% ravgan, 42—02% ohar, inchunin qand, vitaminhoi A, V, S dorad. Az bargash javhari limu va yakchand hol doru tayyor mekunand.

Lubiyoi surkh (Ph. cocclnous) rastanii yaksola, ki to 5 m baland meshavad. Poli pechoni kamshokhcha, bargi kalon (daroziash 12—20 sm), khushaguli 10—16-gula, guli surkh, bazan safed, gilofakmevai dorchinii 2— 5-tukhma dorad. Mohhoi iyun — sentyabr, gulu meva mekunad. Lubiyoi surkhi khudruy dar Meksika va Gvatemala vomekhurad. Dar Tojikiston onro hamchun rastanii oroishi mekorand. Gilofak va doni navhoi safedi Lubiyoi surkhro ba taom meandozand. Alafi onro baroi silos va hamchun nurii sabz istifoda mebarand.

Ad.: Qocimov J Q., Kreydik E. M., Nevzorov V. V., Ziroathoi Tojikiston, D., 1975; Rastenievodstvo, M., 1975; Flora Tadjikskoy SSR, t. 5, L., 1078.

M. Rasulova.