Qabilahoi SART

SART, s a r t h o, nomest, ki qabilahoi bodiyanishini turku mugul ba aholii muqimii Osiyoi Markazi — sugdiyon va vorisoni onho — tojikon dodaand. Sonitar in nomro ba qabilahoi muqiminishinshudai turkho (uzbekho) niz nisbat kardaand. Dar za- boni turkii qadim kalimai Sart ba manoi «savdogar», «peshvoi korvon» istifoda meshud. Dar osori Mahmudi Qoshgari va Yusufi Balosaguni (asri 11) istilohi Sart mahz ba hamin mano omadaast. Paydoishi kalimai Sart ba «sarthavaha»-» zaboni sanskrit vobasta ast. Onro dar bayni qabilahoi turku mugul payravoni hinduiya pahn namudaand.
Tijorati Osiyoi Markazi az davrahoi qadim dar ikhtiyori aholii muqimii eroninajod bud. Binobar in baroi turkhoyu mugulho mafhumi savdogar, yane «sart» nomi khalqe gasht, ki vay asosan bo savdo mashgul ast. Ammo sugdiyon va tojikon baroi qabilahoi turku mugul na faqat savdogar, balki pahnkunandagoni madaniyati mahalli niz budand. Dar dostoni mugulho bahodur Sartaktan hamchun bunyodgari nahru pul va sarbandhoi benazir vasf shudaast.
Badi istiloi Osiyoi Miyona mugulho va qabilahoi turkizaboni ba in sarzamin omada tojikonro Sart menomidagi shudand. Dar ahdi Chingizkhon aholii Osiyoi Miyona monandi peshtara az du toifa — bodiyanishinoni turkizabonu mardumi muqimii eronizabon iborat buda, avvaliro t u r k, okhiriro sart menomidand.
Dar natijai muqimi gashtani turkho tojikon dar baze mahalho zaboni turkiro qabul mekardand va nufuzi aholii muqimii turkizabon meafzud. In prosess badi Osiyoi Miyonaro zabt kardani qabilahoi kuchmanchii uzbek avj girift va az in sabab doirai istemoli mafhumi Sart vase gasht. Aknun uzbekho hamai aholii muqimii in sarzaminro (sarfi nazar az zabon) Sart menomidagi shudand. Hamin tavr kalimai Sart nomi tamomi aholii muqimii vi- loyat gardid.
Istilohi «Sart» hamchun nomi aholii muqimii Osiyoi Miyona badi kalimai tojik mamul shudaast. Dar bayni qabilahoi dar guzashta bodiyanishin va nimbodiyanishini ba hayoti muqimi guzashtai uzbekho va qirgizho istilohi Sart duchor meoyad: masalan, sart-qipchoq (uzbekho), sart-qarasoqol (qirgizho). Hatto aholii muqimii turkizabon dar bisyor joyho khudro tojik menomid. In holat dar asri 19 va ibtidoi asri 20 dar vodihoi Zarafshon, Qashqadaryo, Surkhondaryo mushohida meshud. Ammo aholii muqimii turkizaboni baze mavzeho (Khorazm, vodihoi Chirchiqu Ohangaron), ki dar atrofashon kuchmanchiyoni turk bisyor budand, khudro Sart menomidagi shudand.
Adabiyot: Bartold V. V., O prepodavanii tuzemnikh narechiy v Samarkande, Sochinenie, tom 2, chasti 2. Moskva, 1964; khamon muallif, YOshyo o slove sart, khamon jo; hamon muallif, Tadjkki. Istoricheskiy ocherk. Sochinenie, tom 2, chast 1, Moskva, 1004; Ostroumov N. P., Sarti. Etiograficheskie materiali, i. 1, Tashkent, 1908; Narodi Sredney) Azii i Kazakhstana, tom 1, Moskva, 1962. A. Davidov.