QALAI QAHQAHA

QALAI QAHQAHA, dimnan sh. Bunjikat, ki dar nazdikii dehai Shahristoni p-ni Uroteppa voqe ast. Dar okh. a. 19— ibt. a. 20, s-hoi 1949—50 Q. Q. qisman tajdid gardid. Az s. 1956 injonib Eksiedisiyai arkheologii kompleksii shimoli Tojikiston ba hafru tadqiqi Q. Q. mashgul ast. Q. Q. az 3 dimnai alohida (Q. Q.— I, II, III) va inshooti atrofi onho iborat ast. Q. Q.— I va Q. Q— II dar sufai sohili chapi Shahristonsoy, Q. Q.—III dar sohili rosti on, qismi jan. garbi dehai Shahriston va dig. kharobahoi atrof dar hududi boqimoidai deha voqeand. Dimnai Q. Q.—I devorhoi mustahkami pokhsagin (balandiash to 11 m va gafsiash to 8m), burjho va du darvozai istehkomi (dar devorhoi shimoli va garbi) dosht. Az sababi dar sufai kuhi joygir budani dimna va istehkomhoyash Q. Q.—I amalan fathnopazir bud. Muvofiqi malumoti khattiyu arkheologi dimnai Q. Q.—I shahristoni sh. Bunjikat budaast. Q. Q.—II janubtari dimnai yakum voqe buda, sathi nisbatan khurdtari chorkunja (230 X 210 m), az tarafhoi Q. Q. devorhoi (gafsiashon to 6 m) duqabata va az Shim. Sh. yakqabata dorad. Daromadgohi dimna (dar kunji shim. garbi) devoru burjhoi ilovagi dorad. Dar kunji shim. sharqii dimna boqimondai qasri seqabatai hokim hafr shudaast; qismi boqimondai dimna ehtimol, maydoni jamshavii aholi bud. Q. Q.—II kuhandizi avvalini sh. Bunjikat buda, to a-hoi 7— 9 vujud dosht va az hujumi lashkari volii Khurosoni Khilofati arab kharob shudaast (s. 822). Dimnai Q. Q.—III dar qismi jan. garbii dehai Shahriston voqe buda, saddhoi chukidai janubi, qisman sharqi va shimoli, burjhoi kundi sharqi va shimolii on to hol boqi mondaand. Istehkomhoi Q. k.—III buzurgu puriqtidor budand: devori tadqiqshudai janubii on (gafsiash 7 m) se marotiba bino yoftaast; burji shimoli, ki dar sohili Shahristonsoy voqe bud, hangomi muhosirai qala inshooti makhfii obtaminkuni dosht, Hangomi hafriyot dar dimna ba miqdori ziyod masnuot: oftobai safolini sirdori murgobishakl, simobkuzachahoe, ki naqshhoi handasiyu naboti doshtand, zarfhoi shishagi va kuzachai birinji, tangahoi misinu nuqragini mansubi ibtidoi davrai jorishavii dini melom, ahdi Somoniyon, Qarakhoniyon va g. yoft shudand. In bozyoftho va osori istehkomii(Q—III az peshrafti hunarmandiyu tijorat va darajai balandi madaniyati moddii shahriyon shahodat medihand. Dimnai Q.Q.—III kharobai raboti Bunjikat ast. Az Q. Q. osori memori, sanati naqqoshi, kandakorii chub, safolot, masnuoti zargari va g. yoft shudand. Q. Q. yake az istehkomhoi buzurgi Tojikiston dar asrhoi miyona bud, ki dar on niyogoni tojikon — istaravshaniho hayoti mutaraqqii iqtisodiyu madaniro az cap guzarondand.

Ad.: Negmatov N. N., Khmelniskiy S. G., Srednevekoviy Shakhristan, D.. 1966; Nematov N. N., Asrori Istaravshan, D., 1972.

N.N. Nematov.