QALAI KhUJAND

QALAI KhUJAND, qismi tarkibii istehkomii sh. Khujandro guyand. Q. X. yake az kalontarni qaahoi Osiyoi Miyona buda, tarikhi 2500-sola dorad. Onro Ekspedisiyai arkheologii kompleksii shim. Tojikiston tadqiq kard. Qala dar a-hoi 6—5 to m. bino shuda, avval saddi khoki, sonitar devori nisabatan gafsi bo khishti kham sokhtashuda dosht. Qismhoi tarkibii Khujandi qadima (shahru ark) devorhoi alohida doshtand va bo khandaki vaseyu chuqurk purob ihota shuda budand. Osori in istehkomho dar qismi markazii Leninobod (sohili chapi d. Sir) yoft shudand (masoh. taqr. 20 ga).

Dar natijai inkishofi iqtisodiyot, savdo va afzudani shumorai aholi shahr vase shuda, dar a-hoi 6— 7 m. qalai navi Khujand sokhta shud. Hududi Q- X. az kuhandiz, shahriston va rabot iborat bud. S-hoi 721 —722 lashkari arab ba muqobili istehkomhoi Khujand manchaniqhoi khudro guzoshta boshand ham, khujandiyon onhoro dar nazdi darvozai raboti shahr torumor karda budand.

Khujand dar asrhoi miyona yake az qalahoi puriqtidori Osiyoi Miyona ba hisob meraft. Dar zamoni istiloi Chingizkhon (1219—20) baroi muhosirai in shahr lashkari makhsusi 25-hazorai mugulho va 50 haz. asironi mahallii Osiyoi Miyona barangekhta shuda budand. Dar nazdikii Q. X. va jazirai dar d. Sir budai shahr muhoribahoi fidoyoni khujandi bo sardorii Temurmalik bo mugulho sahifai durakhshone dar tarikhi muborizai ozodikhohii tojikon bud. Dar natijai istilon mugulho Q. X. kharob gardid, ki onro Hofizi Abru tasvir kardaast. Ammo dar okh. a. 15 muvofiqi malumoti Bobur, kuhandizi Khujandro tamir namuda hamchun qarorgohi hokimi mahalli istifoda meburdand.

Dar ibt. a. 18 bo tashabbusi hokimi shahr Oqbutabek Khujand bo hududi navash bo devorhoi pokhsagini gafs ihota karda shud, ki bo juzhoi fortifikasionii zamonavi: parapechu valgang, burjhoi mudavvaru rostkunja, darvozahoi istehkomdor, khandaqhoi beruni khele mustahkam gardid. Khujand dar baze samthoyash devorhoi duqabata dosht. Dar hamon vaqt kuhandizi dokhilii shahr niz az nav tamir shuda, devorhoi peshina bo qabathoi pokhsagini nav ruybast karda shudand va dar arki kuhandiz qasri navi hokim bunyod gardid. Dar a-hoi 18—19 Q. X. borho ba maydoni zadukhurdhoi qushunhoi Amorati Bukhoro va Khonin Khuqand tabdil yofta, kharobu az nav tamir shuda bud. Dar s. 1866 Q X. ba arsai zadukhurdi okhirini qushunhoi Rossiyai podshohi va sarbozoni hokimi mahalli tabdil yofta, khele kharob gardid. To zamoni mo tanho du qitai on (dar samti garbii Leninobod) boqi mondaast.

N. N. Nematov.