QALAMFUR

QALAMFUR, qalanful, qalamful, zanjabil (Capsicum annuum), giyohi bisyorsolaest az oilai avranjiho. Dar sharoiti kishtukor ziroati yaksola ast. Poyaash rosta sershokh, to 1 m qad mekashad. Bargash bayzashakl yo neshtarshakli dumchador, gulash safed, zard yo bunafsh, hosilash sertukhmi beshtar surkh, zard, norinji, bunafshi siyohtob (az 0,26 to 190 g).

Q-i khudruy dar nohiyahoi tropikii Amerika meruyad. Q-ro to milod ham parvarish mekardand. S. 1493 Kolumb Q. ro ba Ispaniya ovard va zud dar Evropa mamul gasht. Asri 16 Q. ro dar dorukhonai bisyor kishv-hoi Evropa chun dorui mefurukhtand. Holo dar dunyo taqr. ba 420 haz. ga Q. mekorand va holo qarib 4 mln t hosil megundorand. Dar SSCP (Ukraina, Kavkaz, Osiyoi Miyona va g.) dar sol taqr. ba 62 haz. ga Q. mekorand va ziyoda az 129 s/ga hosil megirand.

Q-ro ba zamini hosilkhez kuchat mekunand. Dar baze nohiyahoi janub tukhmashro mekorand. Q. ziroati nami va garmiparvard ast. Niholi on dar haror. 18—25°S khub nashunamo meyobad. Ba har ga 40—60 haz. bekh kuchat (bo usuli chorkunjai toqa-toqa yo qatori) mekunand. Az har ga kishtzori Q. 200 (navhoi tund) —300 s (navhoi shirin) hosil megundorand. Tundiyu tezii Q. ba alkaloidi kapsansin (0,007—1,9%) vobasta ast. Makhsusan Q-i suda mamul ast. Vale hangomi kasalii rudavu meda, jigar va gurda onro behtarash naboyad istemol kard. Q. chun khurish va sabzavot mamul ast. Onro baroi ochoronidan, konserv va g. farovon istifoda mebarand. Q. az 125 to 1000 mg% vitamini S, to 14 mg% karotin (provitamini A), inchunin vitaminhoi R, V, V2 4—8,5% qand (dar navhoi Q.-i shirin beshtar ast), qarib 1,5% safeda va g. dorad.

Q- chun giyohi dorui niz az qadim mamul ast. Abualii Sino ishtihovari va ba meda taqviyat bakhshidani Q-ro qayd kardaast. Bino ba navishtajoti muallifi «Muhiti Azam» Muhammad Azamkhon (a. 19) Q. «hazmkunandai taom ast va rutubati dimog va medaro bibarad va azoro quvvat dihad va bodhoro shikanad, nazla va surfaro mufid buvad.

Dar amaliyai tibbi muosir ham qiyomi spirtii Q-ro baroi behtar kardani kori uzvhoi hozima chun dorui ishtihoovar tavsiya medihand.

Ad.: Hikmati asrho. D., 1975′ Sklyarevskiy L. Ya.. Selebnie svoystva pishevikh rasteniy, M., 1972; Gammerman A. F. [va dig.], Lekarstvennie rasteniya (Rasteniya-seliteli), M., 1975; Kulturnie rasteniya, M., 1978.

M. Khojimatov.